还有两种变体:

因为top或htop不能安装在小型系统上，所以浏览/proc总是可能的。

即使在小型系统上，你也会发现一个壳…

一个shell变体!(不仅仅是bash)

这与loolotux脚本完全相同，但没有任何到grep, awk或ps的分支。这要快得多!

由于bash是性能最差的shell之一，我们做了一些工作，以确保该脚本在dash、busybox和其他一些环境下能够正常运行。然后，(感谢Stéphane Chazelas)再次变得更快!

#!/bin/sh 
# Get current swap usage for all running processes
# Felix Hauri 2016-08-05
# Rewritted without fork. Inspired by first stuff from
# Erik Ljungstrom 27/05/2011
# Modified by Mikko Rantalainen 2012-08-09
# Pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# Modified by Marc Methot 2014-09-18
# removed the need for sudo

OVERALL=0
for FILE in /proc/[0-9]*/status ;do
    SUM=0
    while read FIELD VALUE;do
        case $FIELD in
            Pid )    PID=$VALUE         ;;
            Name )   PROGNAME="$VALUE"  ;;
            VmSwap ) SUM=${VALUE%% *} ; break ;;
        esac
    done <$FILE
    [ $SUM -gt 0 ] &&
        printf "PID: %9d  swapped: %11d KB (%s)\n" $PID $SUM "$PROGNAME"
    OVERALL=$((OVERALL+SUM))
done
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u KB\n" $OVERALL

别忘了双引号“$PROGNAME”!请看Stéphane Chazelas的评论:

read FIELD PROGNAME < <(
    perl -ne 'BEGIN{$0="/*/*/../../*/*"} print if /^Name/' /proc/self/status
)
echo $FIELD "$PROGNAME"

不要尝试在合理的系统上不带双引号的回显$PROGNAME，并在此之前准备好杀死当前shell !

还有一个perl版本

当这变成一个不那么简单的脚本，时间来编写一个专用的工具，使用更有效的语言。

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use Getopt::Std;
my ($tot,$mtot)=(0,0);
my %procs;

my %opts;
getopt('', \%opts);

sub sortres {
    return $a <=> $b                                          if $opts{'p'};
    return $procs{$a}->{'cmd'} cmp $procs{$b}->{'cmd'}        if $opts{'c'};
    return $procs{$a}->{'mswap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'mswap'}    if $opts{'m'};
    return $procs{$a}->{'swap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'swap'};
};

opendir my $dh,"/proc";

for my $pid (grep {/^\d+$/} readdir $dh) {
    if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/status") {
        my ($sum,$nam)=(0,"");
        while (<$fh>) {
            $sum+=$1 if /^VmSwap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
            $nam=$1 if /^Name:\s+(\S+)/;
        }
        if ($sum) {
            $tot+=$sum;
            $procs{$pid}->{'swap'}=$sum;
            $procs{$pid}->{'cmd'}=$nam;
            close $fh;
            if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/smaps") {
                $sum=0;
                while (<$fh>) {
                    $sum+=$1 if /^Swap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
                };
            };
            $mtot+=$sum;
            $procs{$pid}->{'mswap'}=$sum;
        } else { close $fh; };
    };
};
map {
    printf "PID: %9d  swapped: %11d (%11d) KB (%s)\n",
        $_, $procs{$_}->{'swap'}, $procs{$_}->{'mswap'}, $procs{$_}->{'cmd'};
} sort sortres keys %procs;
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u (%11u) KB\n", $tot,$mtot;

能不能带着一个跑

-c  sort by command name
-p  sort by pid
-m  sort by swap values
by default, output is sorted by status's vmsize

给出使用交换的进程的总数和百分比

smem -t -p

来源:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-which-process-is-using-swap/

另一种在shell中避免循环的脚本变体:

#!/bin/bash
grep VmSwap /proc/[0-9]*/status | awk -F':' -v sort="$1" '
  {
    split($1,pid,"/") # Split first field on /
    split($3,swp," ") # Split third field on space
    cmdlinefile = "/proc/"pid[3]"/cmdline" # Build the cmdline filepath
    getline pname[pid[3]] < cmdlinefile # Get the command line from pid
    swap[pid[3]] = sprintf("%6i %s",swp[1],swp[2]) # Store the swap used (with unit to avoid rebuilding at print)
    sum+=swp[1] # Sum the swap
  }
  END {
    OFS="\t" # Change the output separator to tabulation
    print "Pid","Swap used","Command line" # Print header
    if(sort) {
      getline max_pid < "/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max"
      for(p=1;p<=max_pid;p++) {
        if(p in pname) print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
      }
    } else {
      for(p in pname) { # Loop over all pids found
        print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
      }
    }
    print "Total swap used:",sum # print the sum
  }'

标准用法是script.sh以随机顺序获取每个程序的使用情况(直到awk如何存储其哈希值)或script.sh 1以pid对输出进行排序。

我希望我已经对代码进行了足够的注释，以说明它的功能。

您可以使用Procpath(作者在这里)，以简化从/proc/$PID/status解析vmswwap。

$ procpath record -f stat,cmdline,status -r 1 -d db.sqlite
$ sqlite3 -column db.sqlite \
  'SELECT status_name, status_vmswap FROM record ORDER BY status_vmswap DESC LIMIT 5'
Web Content  192136       
okular       186872       
thunderbird  183692       
Web Content  143404       
MainThread   86300

您还可以像这样绘制感兴趣的进程的vmswwap。在这里，我正在记录Firefox进程树，同时打开几十个选项卡，并启动一个占用大量内存的应用程序，试图导致它进行交换(这对Firefox来说并不令人信服，但您的情况可能不同)。

$ procpath record -f stat,cmdline,status -i 1 -d db2.sqlite \
  '$..children[?(@.stat.pid == 6029)]'
# interrupt by Ctrl+C
$ procpath plot -d db2.sqlite -q cpu --custom-value-expr status_vmswap \
  --title "CPU usage, % vs Swap, kB"

运行top，然后按OpEnter。现在进程应该根据它们的交换使用情况进行排序。

这是一个更新，因为我原来的答案没有提供一个确切的答案，在评论中指出的问题。从htop常见问题:

It is not possible to get the exact size of used swap space of a process. Top fakes this information by making SWAP = VIRT - RES, but that is not a good metric, because other stuff such as video memory counts on VIRT as well (for example: top says my X process is using 81M of swap, but it also reports my system as a whole is using only 2M of swap. Therefore, I will not add a similar Swap column to htop because I don't know a reliable way to get this information (actually, I don't think it's possible to get an exact number, because of shared pages).

top命令还包含一个字段，用于显示进程的页面错误数量。页面错误最多的进程是交换次数最多的进程。 对于长时间运行的守护进程，可能会在开始时产生大量的页面错误，并且这个数字在以后不会增加。所以我们需要观察页面故障是否在增加。