在Linux下,如何发现哪个进程使用交换空间更多?
当前回答
您可以使用Procpath(作者在这里),以简化从/proc/$PID/status解析vmswwap。
$ procpath record -f stat,cmdline,status -r 1 -d db.sqlite
$ sqlite3 -column db.sqlite \
'SELECT status_name, status_vmswap FROM record ORDER BY status_vmswap DESC LIMIT 5'
Web Content 192136
okular 186872
thunderbird 183692
Web Content 143404
MainThread 86300
您还可以像这样绘制感兴趣的进程的vmswwap。在这里,我正在记录Firefox进程树,同时打开几十个选项卡,并启动一个占用大量内存的应用程序,试图导致它进行交换(这对Firefox来说并不令人信服,但您的情况可能不同)。
$ procpath record -f stat,cmdline,status -i 1 -d db2.sqlite \
'$..children[?(@.stat.pid == 6029)]'
# interrupt by Ctrl+C
$ procpath plot -d db2.sqlite -q cpu --custom-value-expr status_vmswap \
--title "CPU usage, % vs Swap, kB"
其他回答
还有两种变体:
因为top或htop不能安装在小型系统上,所以浏览/proc总是可能的。
即使在小型系统上,你也会发现一个壳…
一个shell变体!(不仅仅是bash)
这与loolotux脚本完全相同,但没有任何到grep, awk或ps的分支。这要快得多!
由于bash是性能最差的shell之一,我们做了一些工作,以确保该脚本在dash、busybox和其他一些环境下能够正常运行。然后,(感谢Stéphane Chazelas)再次变得更快!
#!/bin/sh
# Get current swap usage for all running processes
# Felix Hauri 2016-08-05
# Rewritted without fork. Inspired by first stuff from
# Erik Ljungstrom 27/05/2011
# Modified by Mikko Rantalainen 2012-08-09
# Pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# Modified by Marc Methot 2014-09-18
# removed the need for sudo
OVERALL=0
for FILE in /proc/[0-9]*/status ;do
SUM=0
while read FIELD VALUE;do
case $FIELD in
Pid ) PID=$VALUE ;;
Name ) PROGNAME="$VALUE" ;;
VmSwap ) SUM=${VALUE%% *} ; break ;;
esac
done <$FILE
[ $SUM -gt 0 ] &&
printf "PID: %9d swapped: %11d KB (%s)\n" $PID $SUM "$PROGNAME"
OVERALL=$((OVERALL+SUM))
done
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u KB\n" $OVERALL
别忘了双引号“$PROGNAME”!请看Stéphane Chazelas的评论:
read FIELD PROGNAME < <(
perl -ne 'BEGIN{$0="/*/*/../../*/*"} print if /^Name/' /proc/self/status
)
echo $FIELD "$PROGNAME"
不要尝试在合理的系统上不带双引号的回显$PROGNAME,并在此之前准备好杀死当前shell !
还有一个perl版本
当这变成一个不那么简单的脚本,时间来编写一个专用的工具,使用更有效的语言。
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Getopt::Std;
my ($tot,$mtot)=(0,0);
my %procs;
my %opts;
getopt('', \%opts);
sub sortres {
return $a <=> $b if $opts{'p'};
return $procs{$a}->{'cmd'} cmp $procs{$b}->{'cmd'} if $opts{'c'};
return $procs{$a}->{'mswap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'mswap'} if $opts{'m'};
return $procs{$a}->{'swap'} <=> $procs{$b}->{'swap'};
};
opendir my $dh,"/proc";
for my $pid (grep {/^\d+$/} readdir $dh) {
if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/status") {
my ($sum,$nam)=(0,"");
while (<$fh>) {
$sum+=$1 if /^VmSwap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
$nam=$1 if /^Name:\s+(\S+)/;
}
if ($sum) {
$tot+=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'swap'}=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'cmd'}=$nam;
close $fh;
if (open my $fh,"</proc/$pid/smaps") {
$sum=0;
while (<$fh>) {
$sum+=$1 if /^Swap:\s+(\d+)\s/;
};
};
$mtot+=$sum;
$procs{$pid}->{'mswap'}=$sum;
} else { close $fh; };
};
};
map {
printf "PID: %9d swapped: %11d (%11d) KB (%s)\n",
$_, $procs{$_}->{'swap'}, $procs{$_}->{'mswap'}, $procs{$_}->{'cmd'};
} sort sortres keys %procs;
printf "Total swapped memory: %14u (%11u) KB\n", $tot,$mtot;
能不能带着一个跑
-c sort by command name
-p sort by pid
-m sort by swap values
by default, output is sorted by status's vmsize
我使用这个,如果你只有/proc,没有其他有用的。只需要设置nr为你想看到的顶部交换器的数量,它会告诉你进程名,交换占用空间(MB),它是ps -ef的完整进程线:
Nr =10;对于pid在$(对于文件在/proc//状态;do awk '/ vmswwap |Name|^Pid/{printf $2 "" $3}END{print ""}' $file;做|分类3 - n - r - k - $ {nr} | |头awk{打印$ 2});做awk ' / VmSwap |名称| ^ Pid / {printf 2”、“3美元}{打印”“}”结束/proc/$ Pid /状态| awk的{打印1美元”“2”“3/1024美元“m”}”| sed - e ' s /。[0 - 9]/ / g’;ps ef | awk“2美元= = $ Pid{打印}”,回声;完成
这是我的一句话:
cat /proc/*/status | grep -E 'VmSwap:|Name:' | grep VmSwap -B1 | cut -d':' -f2 | grep -v '\-\-' | grep -o -E '[a-zA-Z0-9]+.*$' | cut -d' ' -f1 | xargs -n2 echo | sort -k2 -n
这一行的步骤是:
Get all the data in /proc/process/status for all processes Select the fields VmSwap and Name for each Remove the processes that don't have the VmSwap field Remove the names of the fields (VmSwap: and Name:) Remove lines with -- that were added by the previous step Remove the spaces at the start of the lines Remove the second part of each process name and " kB" after the swap usage number Take name and number (process name and swap usage) and put them in one line, one after the other Sort the lines by the swap usage
这是脚本的另一个变体,但意味着提供更可读的输出(你需要以根用户身份运行这个脚本才能得到准确的结果):
#!/bin/bash
# find-out-what-is-using-your-swap.sh
# -- Get current swap usage for all running processes
# --
# -- rev.0.3, 2012-09-03, Jan Smid - alignment and intendation, sorting
# -- rev.0.2, 2012-08-09, Mikko Rantalainen - pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# -- rev.0.1, 2011-05-27, Erik Ljungstrom - initial version
SCRIPT_NAME=`basename $0`;
SORT="kb"; # {pid|kB|name} as first parameter, [default: kb]
[ "$1" != "" ] && { SORT="$1"; }
[ ! -x `which mktemp` ] && { echo "ERROR: mktemp is not available!"; exit; }
MKTEMP=`which mktemp`;
TMP=`${MKTEMP} -d`;
[ ! -d "${TMP}" ] && { echo "ERROR: unable to create temp dir!"; exit; }
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;
SUM=0;
OVERALL=0;
echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;
for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`;
do
PID=`echo $DIR | cut -d / -f 3`
PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
for SWAP in `grep Swap $DIR/smaps 2>/dev/null| awk '{ print $2 }'`
do
let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
done
if (( $SUM > 0 ));
then
echo -n ".";
echo -e "${PID}\t${SUM}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
echo -e "${SUM}\t${PID}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
echo -e "${PROGNAME}\t${SUM}\t${PID}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;
fi
let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
SUM=0
done
echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;
echo;
echo "Overall swap used: ${OVERALL} kB";
echo "========================================";
case "${SORT}" in
name )
echo -e "name\tkB\tpid";
echo "========================================";
cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name|sort -r;
;;
kb )
echo -e "kB\tpid\tname";
echo "========================================";
cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb|sort -rh;
;;
pid | * )
echo -e "pid\tkB\tname";
echo "========================================";
cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid|sort -rh;
;;
esac
rm -fR "${TMP}/";
自2015年内核补丁添加SwapPss (https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/570506/)以来,人们终于可以得到成比例的交换计数,这意味着如果一个进程交换了很多,然后它分叉,两个分叉的进程将分别报告交换50%。如果其中一个发生分叉,每个进程被计算为交换页面的33%,所以如果你把所有的交换使用量计算在一起,你得到的是真实的交换使用量,而不是数值乘以进程数。
简而言之:
(cd /proc; for pid in [0-9]*; do printf "%5s %6s %s\n" "$pid" "$(awk 'BEGIN{sum=0} /SwapPss:/{sum+=$2} END{print sum}' $pid/smaps)" "$(cat $pid/comm)"; done | sort -k2n,2 -k1n,1)
第一列是pid,第二列是KiB中的交换使用情况,其余一行是正在执行的命令。相同的交换计数按pid排序。
上面可能会发出这样的行
awk: cmd. line:1: fatal: cannot open file `15407/smaps' for reading (No such file or directory)
这仅仅意味着pid为15407的进程在/proc/的列表中看到它和读取进程smaps文件之间结束。如果这对您来说很重要,只需在末尾添加2>/dev/null即可。请注意,您可能还会丢失任何其他可能的诊断。
在现实世界的示例案例中,这改变了其他报告在一台服务器上运行的每个apache子服务器使用约40 MB交换空间的工具,而每个子服务器实际使用7-3630 KB交换空间。