我找到的最好的脚本在这个页面上:http://northernmost.org/blog/find-out-what-is-using-your-swap/

这里是脚本的一个变体，不需要根:

#!/bin/bash 
# Get current swap usage for all running processes
# Erik Ljungstrom 27/05/2011
# Modified by Mikko Rantalainen 2012-08-09
# Pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
# Modified by Marc Methot 2014-09-18
# removed the need for sudo

SUM=0
OVERALL=0
for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`
do
    PID=`echo $DIR | cut -d / -f 3`
    PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
    for SWAP in `grep VmSwap $DIR/status 2>/dev/null | awk '{ print $2 }'`
    do
        let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
    done
    if (( $SUM > 0 )); then
        echo "PID=$PID swapped $SUM KB ($PROGNAME)"
    fi
    let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
    SUM=0
done
echo "Overall swap used: $OVERALL KB"

我认为，您可以通过运行top并查找使用大量内存的活动进程来得到一个很好的猜测。通过编程实现这一点比较困难——只要看看关于Linux OOM杀手启发式的无休止的争论就知道了。

交换是一种活动使用的内存比安装的内存多的功能，因此通常很难将其归咎于单个进程。如果这是一个持续的问题，最好的解决方案是安装更多的内存，或进行其他系统更改。

top命令还包含一个字段，用于显示进程的页面错误数量。页面错误最多的进程是交换次数最多的进程。 对于长时间运行的守护进程，可能会在开始时产生大量的页面错误，并且这个数字在以后不会增加。所以我们需要观察页面故障是否在增加。

这是我的一句话:

cat /proc/*/status | grep -E 'VmSwap:|Name:' | grep VmSwap -B1 | cut -d':' -f2 | grep -v '\-\-' | grep -o -E '[a-zA-Z0-9]+.*$' | cut -d' ' -f1 | xargs -n2 echo | sort -k2 -n

这一行的步骤是:

Get all the data in /proc/process/status for all processes Select the fields VmSwap and Name for each Remove the processes that don't have the VmSwap field Remove the names of the fields (VmSwap: and Name:) Remove lines with -- that were added by the previous step Remove the spaces at the start of the lines Remove the second part of each process name and " kB" after the swap usage number Take name and number (process name and swap usage) and put them in one line, one after the other Sort the lines by the swap usage

另一种在shell中避免循环的脚本变体:

#!/bin/bash
grep VmSwap /proc/[0-9]*/status | awk -F':' -v sort="$1" '
  {
    split($1,pid,"/") # Split first field on /
    split($3,swp," ") # Split third field on space
    cmdlinefile = "/proc/"pid[3]"/cmdline" # Build the cmdline filepath
    getline pname[pid[3]] < cmdlinefile # Get the command line from pid
    swap[pid[3]] = sprintf("%6i %s",swp[1],swp[2]) # Store the swap used (with unit to avoid rebuilding at print)
    sum+=swp[1] # Sum the swap
  }
  END {
    OFS="\t" # Change the output separator to tabulation
    print "Pid","Swap used","Command line" # Print header
    if(sort) {
      getline max_pid < "/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max"
      for(p=1;p<=max_pid;p++) {
        if(p in pname) print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
      }
    } else {
      for(p in pname) { # Loop over all pids found
        print p,swap[p],pname[p] # print the values
      }
    }
    print "Total swap used:",sum # print the sum
  }'

标准用法是script.sh以随机顺序获取每个程序的使用情况(直到awk如何存储其哈希值)或script.sh 1以pid对输出进行排序。

我希望我已经对代码进行了足够的注释，以说明它的功能。

这是脚本的另一个变体，但意味着提供更可读的输出(你需要以根用户身份运行这个脚本才能得到准确的结果):

#!/bin/bash

    # find-out-what-is-using-your-swap.sh
    # -- Get current swap usage for all running processes
    # --
    # -- rev.0.3, 2012-09-03, Jan Smid          - alignment and intendation, sorting
    # -- rev.0.2, 2012-08-09, Mikko Rantalainen - pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
    # -- rev.0.1, 2011-05-27, Erik Ljungstrom   - initial version


SCRIPT_NAME=`basename $0`;
SORT="kb";                 # {pid|kB|name} as first parameter, [default: kb]
[ "$1" != "" ] && { SORT="$1"; }

[ ! -x `which mktemp` ] && { echo "ERROR: mktemp is not available!"; exit; }
MKTEMP=`which mktemp`;
TMP=`${MKTEMP} -d`;
[ ! -d "${TMP}" ] && { echo "ERROR: unable to create temp dir!"; exit; }

>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;

SUM=0;
OVERALL=0;
    echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;

for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`;
do
    PID=`echo $DIR | cut -d / -f 3`
    PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`

    for SWAP in `grep Swap $DIR/smaps 2>/dev/null| awk '{ print $2 }'`
    do
        let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
    done

    if (( $SUM > 0 ));
    then
        echo -n ".";
        echo -e "${PID}\t${SUM}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
        echo -e "${SUM}\t${PID}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
        echo -e "${PROGNAME}\t${SUM}\t${PID}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;
    fi
    let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
    SUM=0
done
echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;
echo;
echo "Overall swap used: ${OVERALL} kB";
echo "========================================";
case "${SORT}" in
    name )
        echo -e "name\tkB\tpid";
        echo "========================================";
        cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name|sort -r;
        ;;

    kb )
        echo -e "kB\tpid\tname";
        echo "========================================";
        cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb|sort -rh;
        ;;

    pid | * )
        echo -e "pid\tkB\tname";
        echo "========================================";
        cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid|sort -rh;
        ;;
esac
rm -fR "${TMP}/";