即使查询不是通过网络发送，SELECT *也是一种糟糕的做法。

Selecting more data than you need makes the query less efficient - the server has to read and transfer extra data, so it takes time and creates unnecessary load on the system (not only the network, as others mentioned, but also disk, CPU etc.). Additionally, the server is unable to optimize the query as well as it might (for example, use covering index for the query). After some time your table structure might change, so SELECT * will return a different set of columns. So, your application might get a dataset of unexpected structure and break somewhere downstream. Explicitly stating the columns guarantees that you either get a dataset of known structure, or get a clear error on the database level (like 'column not found').

当然，对于一个小而简单的系统来说，所有这些都不太重要。

我总是建议指定您需要的列，以防您的模式发生变化而不需要额外的列。

此外，用表名限定列名。当查询包含连接时，这很重要。如果没有表限定，就很难记住哪个列来自哪个表，并且向其他表之一添加类似名称的列可能会破坏查询。

当您有一个连接时，不使用select *对于性能特别重要，因为根据定义，至少两个字段包含相同的数据。您不希望将不需要的数据从数据库服务器发送到应用程序或web服务器而浪费网络资源。使用select *似乎更简单，但这是一种糟糕的做法。由于很容易将列名拖到查询中，所以只需这样做即可。

Another issue that occurs when using select * is that there are idiots who choose to add new fields in the middle fo the table (always a bad practice), if you use select * as the basis for an insert then suddenly your column order may be wrong and you may try to insert the social security number into the honorarium (the amoutn of money a speaker may get paid to pick a non-random example) which could be a very bad thing for data integrity. Even if the select isn't an insert, it looks bad to the customer when the data is suddenly in the worng order on the report or web page.

我认为在任何情况下使用select *都不会比使用列列表更好。您可能认为这样更容易维护，但事实并非如此，而且当您不需要的字段被添加到表中时，会导致您的应用程序毫无理由地变慢。您还必须面对修复问题，如果您使用列列表就不会损坏，因此您节省的不添加列的时间将用于此操作。

为了补充其他人所说的，如果您选择的所有列都包含在一个索引中，则结果集将从索引中提取，而不是从SQL中查找其他数据。

The SELECT * might be ok if you actually needed all of the columns - but you should still list them all individually. You certainly shouldn't be selecting all rows from a table - even if the app & DB are on the same server or network. Transferring all of the rows will take time, especially as the number of rows grows. You should have at least a where clause filtering the results, and/or page the results to only select the subset of rows that need to be displayed. Several ORM tools exist depending on app language you are using to assist in querying and paging the subset of data you need. For example, in .NET Linq to SQL, Entity Framework, and nHibernate all will help you with this.

我发现，如果其他开发人员可能会使用代码，或者数据库可能会更改，那么列出列名就特别重要，这样您就可以始终获得一致的数据。