Java 9最终会给你一个很好的方法:

InputStream in = ...;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
in.transferTo( bos );
byte[] bytes = bos.toByteArray();

public static byte[] getBytesFromInputStream(InputStream is) throws IOException {
    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 
    byte[] buffer = new byte[0xFFFF];
    for (int len = is.read(buffer); len != -1; len = is.read(buffer)) { 
        os.write(buffer, 0, len);
    }
    return os.toByteArray();
}

你可以试试仙人掌:

byte[] array = new BytesOf(stream).bytes();

Java 7及以上版本:

import sun.misc.IOUtils;
...
InputStream in = ...;
byte[] buf = IOUtils.readFully(in, -1, false);

20年后，终于有了一个不需要第三方库的简单解决方案，这要感谢Java 9:

InputStream is;
…
byte[] array = is.readAllBytes();

还要注意方便的方法readNBytes(byte[] b, int off, int len)和transferTo(OutputStream)来解决重复的需求。

下面的代码

public static byte[] serializeObj(Object obj) throws IOException {
  ByteArrayOutputStream baOStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
  ObjectOutputStream objOStream = new ObjectOutputStream(baOStream);

  objOStream.writeObject(obj); 
  objOStream.flush();
  objOStream.close();
  return baOStream.toByteArray(); 
} 

OR

BufferedImage img = ...
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1000);
ImageIO.write(img, "jpeg", baos);
baos.flush();
byte[] result = baos.toByteArray();
baos.close();