下面是一个支持基本正则表达式替换的版本。主要的限制是表达式不能包含子组，并且可能存在一些边缘情况:

基于@bgusach和其他的代码

import re

class StringReplacer:

    def __init__(self, replacements, ignore_case=False):
        patterns = sorted(replacements, key=len, reverse=True)
        self.replacements = [replacements[k] for k in patterns]
        re_mode = re.IGNORECASE if ignore_case else 0
        self.pattern = re.compile('|'.join(("({})".format(p) for p in patterns)), re_mode)
        def tr(matcher):
            index = next((index for index,value in enumerate(matcher.groups()) if value), None)
            return self.replacements[index]
        self.tr = tr

    def __call__(self, string):
        return self.pattern.sub(self.tr, string)

测试

table = {
    "aaa"    : "[This is three a]",
    "b+"     : "[This is one or more b]",
    r"<\w+>" : "[This is a tag]"
}

replacer = StringReplacer(table, True)

sample1 = "whatever bb, aaa, <star> BBB <end>"

print(replacer(sample1))

# output: 
# whatever [This is one or more b], [This is three a], [This is a tag] [This is one or more b] [This is a tag]

诀窍是通过位置来识别匹配的组。它不是超级高效(O(n))，但它是有效的。

index = next((index for index,value in enumerate(matcher.groups()) if value), None)

替换是一次完成的。

另一个例子: 输入列表

error_list = ['[br]', '[ex]', 'Something']
words = ['how', 'much[ex]', 'is[br]', 'the', 'fish[br]', 'noSomething', 'really']

期望的输出将是

words = ['how', 'much', 'is', 'the', 'fish', 'no', 'really']

代码:

[n[0][0] if len(n[0]) else n[1] for n in [[[w.replace(e,"") for e in error_list if e in w],w] for w in words]] 

这只是F.J和mini夸克的一个更简洁的概述，bgusach的伟大回答和最后但决定性的改进。所有你需要实现多个同步字符串替换是以下函数:

def multiple_replace(string, rep_dict):
    pattern = re.compile("|".join([re.escape(k) for k in sorted(rep_dict,key=len,reverse=True)]), flags=re.DOTALL)
    return pattern.sub(lambda x: rep_dict[x.group(0)], string)

用法:

>>>multiple_replace("Do you like cafe? No, I prefer tea.", {'cafe':'tea', 'tea':'cafe', 'like':'prefer'})
'Do you prefer tea? No, I prefer cafe.'

如果您愿意，您可以从这个更简单的函数开始创建自己的专用替换函数。

从Python 3.8开始，并引入赋值表达式(PEP 572)(:=运算符)，我们可以在一个列表理解式中应用替换:

# text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
# replacements = [("brown", "red"), ("lazy", "quick")]
[text := text.replace(a, b) for a, b in replacements]
# text = 'The quick red fox jumps over the quick dog'

我想建议使用字符串模板。只需将要替换的字符串放在字典中，一切就都设置好了!示例来自docs.python.org

>>> from string import Template
>>> s = Template('$who likes $what')
>>> s.substitute(who='tim', what='kung pao')
'tim likes kung pao'
>>> d = dict(who='tim')
>>> Template('Give $who $100').substitute(d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
[...]
ValueError: Invalid placeholder in string: line 1, col 10
>>> Template('$who likes $what').substitute(d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
[...]
KeyError: 'what'
>>> Template('$who likes $what').safe_substitute(d)
'tim likes $what'

在我的情况下，我需要一个简单的唯一键替换名称，所以我想到了这个:

a = 'This is a test string.'
b = {'i': 'I', 's': 'S'}
for x,y in b.items():
    a = a.replace(x, y)
>>> a
'ThIS IS a teSt StrIng.'