如何从使用经纬度坐标的位置获得时区?

给定一个位置的经度和纬度，如何知道该位置的有效时区?

在大多数情况下，我们正在寻找IANA/Olson时区id，尽管有些服务可能只返回UTC偏移量或其他一些时区标识符。详细信息请阅读时区标签信息。

当前回答

2019-12-02 05:23:19

其他回答

It's indeed important to recognize that this a more complicated problem than most would suspect. In practice many of us are also willing to accept a working set of code that works for "as many cases as possible", where at least its fatal issues can be identified and minimized collectively. So I post this with all of that and the spirit of the OP in mind. Finally, for practical value to others who are trying to convert GPS to timezone with the end goal of having a location-sensitive time object (and more importantly to help advance the quality of average implementations with time objects that follow from this wiki) here is what I generated in Python (please feel free to edit):

import pytz
from datetime import datetime
from tzwhere import tzwhere

def timezoned_unixtime(latitude, longitude, dt):
    tzw = tzwhere.tzwhere()
    timezone_str = tzw.tzNameAt(latitude, longitude)
    timezone = pytz.timezone(timezone_str)
    timezone_aware_datetime = timezone.localize(dt, is_dst=None)
    unix_time = (timezone_aware_datetime - datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=pytz.utc)).total_seconds()
    return unix_time

dt = datetime(year=2017, month=1, day=17, hour=12, minute=0, second=0)
print timezoned_unixtime(latitude=40.747854, longitude=-74.004733, dt=dt)

2017-01-19 17:51:35

尝试以下代码使用谷歌时区API从Java与当前NTP时间客户端和正确的UTC_Datetime_from_timestamp转换:

String get_xml_server_reponse(String server_url){

    URL xml_server = null;

    String xmltext = "";

    InputStream input;


    try {
        xml_server = new URL(server_url);


        try {
            input = xml_server.openConnection().getInputStream();


            final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input));
            final StringBuilder sBuf = new StringBuilder();

            String line = null;
            try {
                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) 
                {
                    sBuf.append(line);
                }
               } 
            catch (IOException e) 
              {
                    Log.e(e.getMessage(), "XML parser, stream2string 1");
              } 
            finally {
                try {
                    input.close();
                    }
                catch (IOException e) 
                {
                    Log.e(e.getMessage(), "XML parser, stream2string 2");
                }
            }

            xmltext =  sBuf.toString();

        } catch (IOException e1) {

                e1.printStackTrace();
            }


        } catch (MalformedURLException e1) {

          e1.printStackTrace();
        }

     return  xmltext;

  }     


 private String get_UTC_Datetime_from_timestamp(long timeStamp){

    try{

        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        TimeZone tz = cal.getTimeZone();

        int tzt = tz.getOffset(System.currentTimeMillis());

        timeStamp -= tzt;

        // DateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",Locale.getDefault());
        DateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat();
        Date netDate = (new Date(timeStamp));
        return sdf.format(netDate);
    }
    catch(Exception ex){
        return "";
     }
    } 

 class NTP_UTC_Time
 {
     private static final String TAG = "SntpClient";

     private static final int RECEIVE_TIME_OFFSET = 32;
     private static final int TRANSMIT_TIME_OFFSET = 40;
     private static final int NTP_PACKET_SIZE = 48;

     private static final int NTP_PORT = 123;
     private static final int NTP_MODE_CLIENT = 3;
     private static final int NTP_VERSION = 3;

     // Number of seconds between Jan 1, 1900 and Jan 1, 1970
     // 70 years plus 17 leap days
     private static final long OFFSET_1900_TO_1970 = ((365L * 70L) + 17L) * 24L * 60L * 60L;

     private long mNtpTime;

     public boolean requestTime(String host, int timeout) {
         try {
             DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
             socket.setSoTimeout(timeout);
             InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(host);
             byte[] buffer = new byte[NTP_PACKET_SIZE];
             DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length, address, NTP_PORT);

             buffer[0] = NTP_MODE_CLIENT | (NTP_VERSION << 3);

             writeTimeStamp(buffer, TRANSMIT_TIME_OFFSET);

             socket.send(request);

             // read the response
             DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
             socket.receive(response);          
             socket.close();

             mNtpTime = readTimeStamp(buffer, RECEIVE_TIME_OFFSET);            
         } catch (Exception e) {
           //  if (Config.LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "request time failed: " + e);
             return false;
         }

         return true;
     }


     public long getNtpTime() {
         return mNtpTime;
     }


     /**
      * Reads an unsigned 32 bit big endian number from the given offset in the buffer.
      */
     private long read32(byte[] buffer, int offset) {
         byte b0 = buffer[offset];
         byte b1 = buffer[offset+1];
         byte b2 = buffer[offset+2];
         byte b3 = buffer[offset+3];

         // convert signed bytes to unsigned values
         int i0 = ((b0 & 0x80) == 0x80 ? (b0 & 0x7F) + 0x80 : b0);
         int i1 = ((b1 & 0x80) == 0x80 ? (b1 & 0x7F) + 0x80 : b1);
         int i2 = ((b2 & 0x80) == 0x80 ? (b2 & 0x7F) + 0x80 : b2);
         int i3 = ((b3 & 0x80) == 0x80 ? (b3 & 0x7F) + 0x80 : b3);

         return ((long)i0 << 24) + ((long)i1 << 16) + ((long)i2 << 8) + (long)i3;
     }

     /**
      * Reads the NTP time stamp at the given offset in the buffer and returns 
      * it as a system time (milliseconds since January 1, 1970).
      */    
     private long readTimeStamp(byte[] buffer, int offset) {
         long seconds = read32(buffer, offset);
         long fraction = read32(buffer, offset + 4);
         return ((seconds - OFFSET_1900_TO_1970) * 1000) + ((fraction * 1000L) / 0x100000000L);        
     }

     /**
      * Writes 0 as NTP starttime stamp in the buffer. --> Then NTP returns Time OFFSET since 1900
      */    
     private void writeTimeStamp(byte[] buffer, int offset) {        
         int ofs =  offset++;

         for (int i=ofs;i<(ofs+8);i++)
           buffer[i] = (byte)(0);             
     }

 }

 String get_time_zone_time(GeoPoint gp){

        String erg = "";
        String raw_offset = "";
        String dst_offset = "";

        double Longitude = gp.getLongitudeE6()/1E6;
        double Latitude = gp.getLatitudeE6()/1E6;



        long tsLong = 0; // System.currentTimeMillis()/1000;

        NTP_UTC_Time client = new NTP_UTC_Time();

        if (client.requestTime("pool.ntp.org", 2000)) {              
          tsLong = client.getNtpTime();
        }

        if (tsLong != 0)
        {

        tsLong = tsLong  / 1000;

        // https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/timezone/xml?location=39.6034810,-119.6822510&timestamp=1331161200&sensor=false

        String request = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/timezone/xml?location="+Latitude+","+ Longitude+ "&timestamp="+tsLong +"&sensor=false";

        String xmltext = get_xml_server_reponse(request);

        if(xmltext.compareTo("")!= 0)
        {

         int startpos = xmltext.indexOf("<TimeZoneResponse");
         xmltext = xmltext.substring(startpos);



        XmlPullParser parser;
        try {
            parser = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance().newPullParser();


             parser.setInput(new StringReader (xmltext));

             int eventType = parser.getEventType();  

             String tagName = "";


             while(eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                 switch(eventType) {

                     case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:

                           tagName = parser.getName();

                         break;


                     case XmlPullParser.TEXT :


                        if  (tagName.equalsIgnoreCase("raw_offset"))
                          if(raw_offset.compareTo("")== 0)                               
                            raw_offset = parser.getText();  

                        if  (tagName.equalsIgnoreCase("dst_offset"))
                          if(dst_offset.compareTo("")== 0)
                            dst_offset = parser.getText();  


                        break;   

                 }

                 try {
                        eventType = parser.next();
                    } catch (IOException e) {

                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }

                }

                } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();
                    erg += e.toString();
                }

        }      

        int ro = 0;
        if(raw_offset.compareTo("")!= 0)
        { 
            float rof = str_to_float(raw_offset);
            ro = (int)rof;
        }

        int dof = 0;
        if(dst_offset.compareTo("")!= 0)
        { 
            float doff = str_to_float(dst_offset);
            dof = (int)doff;
        }

        tsLong = (tsLong + ro + dof) * 1000;



        erg = get_UTC_Datetime_from_timestamp(tsLong);
        }


  return erg;

}

并将其用于:

GeoPoint gp = new GeoPoint(39.6034810,-119.6822510);
String Current_TimeZone_Time = get_time_zone_time(gp);

2013-11-03 04:25:25

node.js的这个解决方案怎么样 https://github.com/mattbornski/tzwhere

和它的Python对等体: https://github.com/pegler/pytzwhere

2014-03-05 17:21:16

你可以使用geolocator.js轻松获得时区和更多…

它使用需要密钥的谷歌api。首先你配置geolocator

geolocator.config({
    language: "en",
    google: {
        version: "3",
        key: "YOUR-GOOGLE-API-KEY"
    }
});

获取TimeZone，如果你有坐标:

geolocator.getTimeZone(options, function (err, timezone) {
    console.log(err || timezone);
});

示例输出:

{
    id: "Europe/Paris",
    name: "Central European Standard Time",
    abbr: "CEST",
    dstOffset: 0,
    rawOffset: 3600,
    timestamp: 1455733120
}

定位，然后获得时区和更多

如果没有坐标，可以先定位用户位置。

下面的例子将首先尝试HTML5 Geolocation API来获取坐标。如果失败或被拒绝，它将通过Geo-IP查找获得坐标。最后，它将获得时区和更多…

var options = {
    enableHighAccuracy: true,
    timeout: 6000,
    maximumAge: 0,
    desiredAccuracy: 30,
    fallbackToIP: true, // if HTML5 fails or rejected
    addressLookup: true, // this will get full address information
    timezone: true,
    map: "my-map" // this will even create a map for you
};
geolocator.locate(options, function (err, location) {
    console.log(err || location);
});

示例输出:

{
    coords: {
        latitude: 37.4224764,
        longitude: -122.0842499,
        accuracy: 30,
        altitude: null,
        altitudeAccuracy: null,
        heading: null,
        speed: null
    },
    address: {
        commonName: "",
        street: "Amphitheatre Pkwy",
        route: "Amphitheatre Pkwy",
        streetNumber: "1600",
        neighborhood: "",
        town: "",
        city: "Mountain View",
        region: "Santa Clara County",
        state: "California",
        stateCode: "CA",
        postalCode: "94043",
        country: "United States",
        countryCode: "US"
    },
    formattedAddress: "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA",
    type: "ROOFTOP",
    placeId: "ChIJ2eUgeAK6j4ARbn5u_wAGqWA",
    timezone: {
        id: "America/Los_Angeles",
        name: "Pacific Standard Time",
        abbr: "PST",
        dstOffset: 0,
        rawOffset: -28800
    },
    flag: "//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/flag-icon-css/2.3.1/flags/4x3/us.svg",
    map: {
        element: HTMLElement,
        instance: Object, // google.maps.Map
        marker: Object, // google.maps.Marker
        infoWindow: Object, // google.maps.InfoWindow
        options: Object // map options
    },
    timestamp: 1456795956380
}

2016-07-01 23:51:10

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance

下面是一个使用JSON数据的很好的实现: https://github.com/agap/llttz

public TimeZone nearestTimeZone(Location node) {
    double bestDistance = Double.MAX_VALUE;
    Location bestGuess = timeZones.get(0);

    for (Location current : timeZones.subList(1, timeZones.size())) {
        double newDistance = distanceInKilometers(node, current);

        if (newDistance < bestDistance) {
            bestDistance = newDistance;
            bestGuess = current;
        }
    }

    return java.util.TimeZone.getTimeZone(bestGuess.getZone());
}

  protected double distanceInKilometers(final double latFrom, final double lonFrom, final double latTo, final double lonTo) {
        final double meridianLength = 111.1;
        return meridianLength * centralAngle(latFrom, lonFrom, latTo, lonTo);
    }

    protected double centralAngle(final Location from, final Location to) {
        return centralAngle(from.getLatitude(), from.getLongitude(), to.getLatitude(), to.getLongitude());
    }

    protected double centralAngle(final double latFrom, final double lonFrom, final double latTo, final double lonTo) {
        final double latFromRad = toRadians(latFrom),
                lonFromRad = toRadians(lonFrom),
                latToRad   = toRadians(latTo),
                lonToRad   = toRadians(lonTo);

        final double centralAngle = toDegrees(acos(sin(latFromRad) * sin(latToRad) + cos(latFromRad) * cos(latToRad) * cos(lonToRad - lonFromRad)));

        return centralAngle <= 180.0 ? centralAngle : (360.0 - centralAngle);
    }

    protected double distanceInKilometers(final Location from, final Location to) {
        return distanceInKilometers(from.getLatitude(), from.getLongitude(), to.getLatitude(), to.getLongitude());
    }
}

2015-08-19 10:44:07

如何从使用经纬度坐标的位置获得时区?

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