您可以通过简单的一行代码来实现这一点。

如果你的foo.bar()操作是异步的:

await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<Exception>(() => foo.bar());

如果foo.bar()不是异步的

Assert.ThrowsException<Exception>(() => foo.bar());

如果你正在使用MSTest，它最初没有ExpectedException属性，你可以这样做:

try 
{
    SomeExceptionThrowingMethod()
    Assert.Fail("no exception thrown");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Assert.IsTrue(ex is SpecificExceptionType);
}

MSTest (v2)现在有一个Assert。ThrowsException函数，可以像这样使用:

Assert.ThrowsException<System.FormatException>(() =>
            {
                Story actual = PersonalSite.Services.Content.ExtractHeader(String.Empty);
            }); 

您可以使用nuget: install - package MSTest安装它。TestFramework

上面@Richiban提供的帮助器工作得很好，只是它不能处理抛出异常的情况，也不能处理预期的类型。以下说明:

using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace YourProject.Tests
{
    public static class MyAssert
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Helper for Asserting that a function throws an exception of a particular type.
        /// </summary>
        public static void Throws<T>( Action func ) where T : Exception
        {
            Exception exceptionOther = null;
            var exceptionThrown = false;
            try
            {
                func.Invoke();
            }
            catch ( T )
            {
                exceptionThrown = true;
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                exceptionOther = e;
            }

            if ( !exceptionThrown )
            {
                if (exceptionOther != null) {
                    throw new AssertFailedException(
                        String.Format("An exception of type {0} was expected, but not thrown. Instead, an exception of type {1} was thrown.", typeof(T), exceptionOther.GetType()),
                        exceptionOther
                        );
                }

                throw new AssertFailedException(
                    String.Format("An exception of type {0} was expected, but no exception was thrown.", typeof(T))
                    );
            }
        }
    }
}

好吧，我来总结一下大家之前说过的话…不管怎样，这是我根据好的答案构建的代码:)剩下要做的就是复制和使用…

/// <summary>
/// Checks to make sure that the input delegate throws a exception of type TException.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TException">The type of exception expected.</typeparam>
/// <param name="methodToExecute">The method to execute to generate the exception.</param>
public static void AssertRaises<TException>(Action methodToExecute) where TException : System.Exception
{
    try
    {
        methodToExecute();
    }
    catch (TException) {
        return;
    }  
    catch (System.Exception ex)
    {
        Assert.Fail("Expected exception of type " + typeof(TException) + " but type of " + ex.GetType() + " was thrown instead.");
    }
    Assert.Fail("Expected exception of type " + typeof(TException) + " but no exception was thrown.");  
}

对于“Visual Studio Team Test”，似乎您将ExpectedException属性应用到测试的方法。

文档中的示例:使用Visual Studio团队测试的单元测试演练

[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException),
    "A userId of null was inappropriately allowed.")]
public void NullUserIdInConstructor()
{
   LogonInfo logonInfo = new LogonInfo(null, "P@ss0word");
}