为了帮助你检查重复的对象，我们需要一个自定义的等号和hashCode。

Since hashcode always returns a number its always fast to retrieve an object using a number rather than an alphabetic key. How will it do? Assume we created a new object by passing some value which is already available in some other object. Now the new object will return the same hash value as of another object because the value passed is same. Once the same hash value is returned, JVM will go to the same memory address every time and if in case there are more than one objects present for the same hash value it will use equals() method to identify the correct object.

Bah -“你必须在每个重写equals()的类中重写hashCode()。”

[出自Joshua Bloch的《Effective Java》?］

Isn't this the wrong way round? Overriding hashCode likely implies you're writing a hash-key class, but overriding equals certainly does not. There are many classes that are not used as hash-keys, but do want a logical-equality-testing method for some other reason. If you choose "equals" for it, you may then be mandated to write a hashCode implementation by overzealous application of this rule. All that achieves is adding untested code in the codebase, an evil waiting to trip someone up in the future. Also writing code you don't need is anti-agile. It's just wrong (and an ide generated one will probably be incompatible with your hand-crafted equals).

他们肯定应该在被写来用作键的对象上强制设置一个接口吗?无论如何，Object永远不应该提供默认的hashCode()和equals() imho。它可能鼓励了许多破碎的散列集合。

但无论如何，我认为“规则”是前后颠倒的。与此同时，我将继续避免使用“等号”进行相等性测试方法:-(

考虑在一个桶中收集所有黑色的球。你的工作是像下面这样给这些球上色，并将其用于适当的游戏，

对于网球-黄色，红色。 板球-白色

现在水桶有三种颜色的球黄色，红色和白色。只有你知道哪个颜色适合哪个游戏。

给球上色-哈希。 选择比赛的球-平等。

如果你给球上色，然后有人选了板球或网球，他们不会介意颜色的!!

Java提出了一个规则

如果使用Object类的equals方法，两个对象相等，那么hashcode方法应该为这两个对象提供相同的值。

因此，如果在我们的类中重写equals()，我们也应该重写hashcode()方法来遵循此规则。 例如，equals()和hashcode()这两个方法都用于Hashtable中以键值对的形式存储值。如果我们覆盖其中一个而不是另一个，如果我们使用这样的对象作为键，哈希表可能不会像我们想要的那样工作。

假设你有一个类(A)，它聚合了另外两个类(B) (C)，你需要在哈希表中存储类(A)的实例。默认实现只允许区分实例，但不允许通过(B)和(C)。因此A的两个实例可以相等，但默认不允许您以正确的方式比较它们。

public class Employee {

    private int empId;
    private String empName;

    public Employee(int empId, String empName) {
        super();
        this.empId = empId;
        this.empName = empName;
    }

    public int getEmpId() {
        return empId;
    }

    public void setEmpId(int empId) {
        this.empId = empId;
    }

    public String getEmpName() {
        return empName;
    }

    public void setEmpName(String empName) {
        this.empName = empName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee [empId=" + empId + ", empName=" + empName + "]";
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return empId + empName.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {

        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!(this instanceof Employee)) {
            return false;
        }
        Employee emp = (Employee) obj;
        return this.getEmpId() == emp.getEmpId() && this.getEmpName().equals(emp.getEmpName());
    }

}

测试类

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Employee emp1 = new Employee(101,"Manash");
        Employee emp2 = new Employee(101,"Manash");
        Employee emp3 = new Employee(103,"Ranjan");
        System.out.println(emp1.hashCode());
        System.out.println(emp2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(emp1.equals(emp2));
        System.out.println(emp1.equals(emp3));
    }

}

在对象类中，equals(Object obj)用于比较地址比较，这就是为什么在Test类中，如果你比较两个对象，则equals method给出false，但当我们重写hashcode()时，它可以比较内容并给出正确的结果。