Swift 4.2编辑

从Swift 4.2开始，你可以使用Swift自己的本地函数，而不是使用导入的C函数arc4random_uniform()。

// Generates integers starting with 0 up to, and including, 10
Int.random(in: 0 ... 10)

你也可以使用random(in:)来获取其他原始值的随机值;比如Int型，Double型，Float型，甚至Bool型。

Swift版本< 4.2

该方法将在给定的最小值和最大值之间生成一个随机Int值

func randomInt(min: Int, max: Int) -> Int {
    return min + Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(max - min + 1)))
}

例如10(0-9)之间的随机数;

import UIKit

let randomNumber = Int(arc4random_uniform(10))

非常简单的代码-简单和简短。

 let MAX : UInt32 = 9
 let MIN : UInt32 = 1

    func randomNumber()
{
    var random_number = Int(arc4random_uniform(MAX) + MIN)
    print ("random = ", random_number);
}

你可以像在C中那样做:

let randomNumber = arc4random()

推断randomNumber类型为UInt32(32位无符号整数)

细节

xCode 9.1, Swift 4

面向数学的解(1)

import Foundation

class Random {

    subscript<T>(_ min: T, _ max: T) -> T where T : BinaryInteger {
        get {
            return rand(min-1, max+1)
        }
    }
}

let rand = Random()

func rand<T>(_ min: T, _ max: T) -> T where T : BinaryInteger {
    let _min = min + 1
    let difference = max - _min
    return T(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(difference))) + _min
}

溶液使用方法(1)

let x = rand(-5, 5)       // x = [-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
let x = rand[0, 10]       // x = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

面向程序员的解决方案(2)

不要忘记在这里添加面向数学的解决方案(1)代码

import Foundation

extension CountableRange where Bound : BinaryInteger {

    var random: Bound {
        return rand(lowerBound-1, upperBound)
    }
}

extension CountableClosedRange where Bound : BinaryInteger {

    var random: Bound {
        return rand[lowerBound, upperBound]
    }
}

溶液使用方法(2)

let x = (-8..<2).random           // x = [-8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1]
let x = (0..<10).random           // x = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
let x = (-10 ... -2).random       // x = [-10, -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2]

完整的样品

不要忘记在这里添加溶液(1)和溶液(2)的代码

private func generateRandNums(closure:()->(Int)) {

    var allNums = Set<Int>()
    for _ in 0..<100 {
        allNums.insert(closure())
    }
    print(allNums.sorted{ $0 < $1 })
}

generateRandNums {
    (-8..<2).random
}

generateRandNums {
    (0..<10).random
}

generateRandNums {
    (-10 ... -2).random
}

generateRandNums {
    rand(-5, 5)
}
generateRandNums {
    rand[0, 10]
}

样品结果

编辑:为Swift 3.0更新

arc4random在Swift中工作得很好，但基本函数仅限于32位整数类型(Int在iPhone 5S和现代mac上是64位)。下面是一个泛型函数，用于表示可以用整型字面值表示的类型的随机数:

public func arc4random<T: ExpressibleByIntegerLiteral>(_ type: T.Type) -> T {
    var r: T = 0
    arc4random_buf(&r, MemoryLayout<T>.size)
    return r
}

我们可以使用这个新的泛型函数扩展UInt64，增加边界参数并减少模偏置。(这是从arc4random.c直接引用的)

public extension UInt64 {
    public static func random(lower: UInt64 = min, upper: UInt64 = max) -> UInt64 {
        var m: UInt64
        let u = upper - lower
        var r = arc4random(UInt64.self)

        if u > UInt64(Int64.max) {
            m = 1 + ~u
        } else {
            m = ((max - (u * 2)) + 1) % u
        }

        while r < m {
            r = arc4random(UInt64.self)
        }

        return (r % u) + lower
    }
}

这样我们就可以将Int64扩展为相同的参数，处理溢出:

public extension Int64 {
    public static func random(lower: Int64 = min, upper: Int64 = max) -> Int64 {
        let (s, overflow) = Int64.subtractWithOverflow(upper, lower)
        let u = overflow ? UInt64.max - UInt64(~s) : UInt64(s)
        let r = UInt64.random(upper: u)

        if r > UInt64(Int64.max)  {
            return Int64(r - (UInt64(~lower) + 1))
        } else {
            return Int64(r) + lower
        }
    }
}

为了让家庭更完整……

private let _wordSize = __WORDSIZE

public extension UInt32 {
    public static func random(lower: UInt32 = min, upper: UInt32 = max) -> UInt32 {
        return arc4random_uniform(upper - lower) + lower
    }
}

public extension Int32 {
    public static func random(lower: Int32 = min, upper: Int32 = max) -> Int32 {
        let r = arc4random_uniform(UInt32(Int64(upper) - Int64(lower)))
        return Int32(Int64(r) + Int64(lower))
    }
}

public extension UInt {
    public static func random(lower: UInt = min, upper: UInt = max) -> UInt {
        switch (_wordSize) {
            case 32: return UInt(UInt32.random(UInt32(lower), upper: UInt32(upper)))
            case 64: return UInt(UInt64.random(UInt64(lower), upper: UInt64(upper)))
            default: return lower
        }
    }
}

public extension Int {
    public static func random(lower: Int = min, upper: Int = max) -> Int {
        switch (_wordSize) {
            case 32: return Int(Int32.random(Int32(lower), upper: Int32(upper)))
            case 64: return Int(Int64.random(Int64(lower), upper: Int64(upper)))
            default: return lower
        }
    }
}

在所有这些之后，我们终于可以做这样的事情:

let diceRoll = UInt64.random(lower: 1, upper: 7)