如果不能强制转换，"as"将返回NULL。

之前的强制转换将引发异常。

对于性能而言，引发异常的代价通常更大。

除了这里已经暴露的所有内容，我刚刚发现了一个我认为值得注意的实际差异，在显式选角之间

var x = (T) ...

相对于使用as操作符。

下面是例子:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster<string>(12345));
        Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster<object>(new { a = 100, b = "string" }) ?? "null");
        Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster<double>(20.4));

        //prints:
        //12345
        //null
        //20.4

        Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster2<string>(12345));
        Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster2<object>(new { a = 100, b = "string" }) ?? "null");

        //will not compile -> 20.4 does not comply due to the type constraint "T : class"
        //Console.WriteLine(GenericCaster2<double>(20.4));
    }

    static T GenericCaster<T>(object value, T defaultValue = default(T))
    {
        T castedValue;
        try
        {
            castedValue = (T) Convert.ChangeType(value, typeof(T));
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            castedValue = defaultValue;
        }

        return castedValue;
    }

    static T GenericCaster2<T>(object value, T defaultValue = default(T)) where T : class
    {
        T castedValue;
        try
        {
            castedValue = Convert.ChangeType(value, typeof(T)) as T;
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            castedValue = defaultValue;
        }

        return castedValue;
    }
}

底线:GenericCaster2不能用于结构类型。GenericCaster意志。

两者之间一个更微妙的区别是，当涉及到强制转换操作符时，"as"关键字不能用于强制转换:

public class Foo
{
    public string Value;

    public static explicit operator string(Foo f)
    {
        return f.Value;
    }

}

public class Example
{
    public void Convert()
    {
        var f = new Foo();
        f.Value = "abc";

        string cast = (string)f;
        string tryCast = f as string;
    }
}

这将不会在最后一行进行编译(尽管我认为在以前的版本中是这样)，因为“as”关键字不考虑强制转换操作符。line string cast = (string)f;不过效果还不错。

as关键字的工作原理与兼容引用类型之间的显式强制转换相同，主要区别在于转换失败时它不会引发异常。相反，它在目标变量中产生一个空值。由于异常在性能方面非常昂贵，因此它被认为是一种更好的强制转换方法。

OP的问题仅限于特定的选角情况。标题涵盖了更多的情况。 以下是我目前能想到的所有相关选角情况的概述:

private class CBase
{
}

private class CInherited : CBase
{
}

private enum EnumTest
{
  zero,
  one,
  two
}

private static void Main (string[] args)
{
  //########## classes ##########
  // object creation, implicit cast to object
  object oBase = new CBase ();
  object oInherited = new CInherited ();

  CBase oBase2 = null;
  CInherited oInherited2 = null;
  bool bCanCast = false;

  // explicit cast using "()"
  oBase2 = (CBase)oBase;    // works
  oBase2 = (CBase)oInherited;    // works
  //oInherited2 = (CInherited)oBase;   System.InvalidCastException
  oInherited2 = (CInherited)oInherited;    // works

  // explicit cast using "as"
  oBase2 = oBase as CBase;
  oBase2 = oInherited as CBase;
  oInherited2 = oBase as CInherited;  // returns null, equals C++/CLI "dynamic_cast"
  oInherited2 = oInherited as CInherited;

  // testing with Type.IsAssignableFrom(), results (of course) equal the results of the cast operations
  bCanCast = typeof (CBase).IsAssignableFrom (oBase.GetType ());    // true
  bCanCast = typeof (CBase).IsAssignableFrom (oInherited.GetType ());    // true
  bCanCast = typeof (CInherited).IsAssignableFrom (oBase.GetType ());    // false
  bCanCast = typeof (CInherited).IsAssignableFrom (oInherited.GetType ());    // true

  //########## value types ##########
  int iValue = 2;
  double dValue = 1.1;
  EnumTest enValue = EnumTest.two;

  // implicit cast, explicit cast using "()"
  int iValue2 = iValue;   // no cast
  double dValue2 = iValue;  // implicit conversion
  EnumTest enValue2 = (EnumTest)iValue;  // conversion by explicit cast. underlying type of EnumTest is int, but explicit cast needed (error CS0266: Cannot implicitly convert type 'int' to 'test01.Program.EnumTest')

  iValue2 = (int)dValue;   // conversion by explicit cast. implicit cast not possible (error CS0266: Cannot implicitly convert type 'double' to 'int')
  dValue2 = dValue;
  enValue2 = (EnumTest)dValue;  // underlying type is int, so "1.1" beomces "1" and then "one"

  iValue2 = (int)enValue;
  dValue2 = (double)enValue;
  enValue2 = enValue;   // no cast

  // explicit cast using "as"
  // iValue2 = iValue as int;   error CS0077: The as operator must be used with a reference type or nullable type
}

这是另一个答案，带有一些IL比较。考虑这个类:

public class MyClass
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Call the 2 methods
    }

    public void DirectCast(Object obj)
    {
        if ( obj is MyClass)
        { 
            MyClass myclass = (MyClass) obj; 
            Console.WriteLine(obj);
        } 
    } 


    public void UsesAs(object obj) 
    { 
        MyClass myclass = obj as MyClass; 
        if (myclass != null) 
        { 
            Console.WriteLine(obj);
        } 
    }
}

现在看看每种方法产生的IL。即使操作码对您没有任何意义，您也可以看到一个主要的区别-在DirectCast方法中，isinst被调用后是castclass。所以基本上是两次调用而不是一次。

.method public hidebysig instance void  DirectCast(object obj) cil managed
{
  // Code size       22 (0x16)
  .maxstack  8
  IL_0000:  ldarg.1
  IL_0001:  isinst     MyClass
  IL_0006:  brfalse.s  IL_0015
  IL_0008:  ldarg.1
  IL_0009:  castclass  MyClass
  IL_000e:  pop
  IL_000f:  ldarg.1
  IL_0010:  call       void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(object)
  IL_0015:  ret
} // end of method MyClass::DirectCast

.method public hidebysig instance void  UsesAs(object obj) cil managed
{
  // Code size       17 (0x11)
  .maxstack  1
  .locals init (class MyClass V_0)
  IL_0000:  ldarg.1
  IL_0001:  isinst     MyClass
  IL_0006:  stloc.0
  IL_0007:  ldloc.0
  IL_0008:  brfalse.s  IL_0010
  IL_000a:  ldarg.1
  IL_000b:  call       void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(object)
  IL_0010:  ret
} // end of method MyClass::UsesAs

isinst关键字与castclass的对比

这篇博文对这两种方法进行了比较。他的总结是:

在直接比较中，isinst比castclass快(尽管只有一点点) 当必须执行检查以确保转换成功时，isinst明显比castclass快 不应该使用isinst和castclass的组合，因为这比最快的“安全”转换慢得多(慢12%以上)

我个人总是使用a，因为它易于阅读，并且是。net开发团队(或者Jeffrey Richter)推荐的。