当在c#中构建Windows控制台应用程序时,是否有可能写入控制台而不必扩展当前行或去到新行?例如,如果我想显示一个百分比,表示一个流程离完成有多近,我只需要在游标所在的同一行上更新该值,而不必将每个百分比放在新行上。
这可以用“标准”c#控制台应用程序来实现吗?
当在c#中构建Windows控制台应用程序时,是否有可能写入控制台而不必扩展当前行或去到新行?例如,如果我想显示一个百分比,表示一个流程离完成有多近,我只需要在游标所在的同一行上更新该值,而不必将每个百分比放在新行上。
这可以用“标准”c#控制台应用程序来实现吗?
当前回答
\r用于这些场景。 \r表示回车,这意味着光标返回到行首。 这就是Windows使用\n\r作为新行标记的原因。 \n将您移动到一行,\r将您返回到行开头。
其他回答
这是另一个选项:D
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("Working... ");
int spinIndex = 0;
while (true)
{
// obfuscate FTW! Let's hope overflow is disabled or testers are impatient
Console.Write("\b" + @"/-\|"[(spinIndex++) & 3]);
}
}
}
我只需要使用divo的ConsoleSpinner类。我的远没有那么简洁,但我不喜欢这个类的用户必须编写自己的while(true)循环。我追求的是这样的经历:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("Working....");
ConsoleSpinner spin = new ConsoleSpinner();
spin.Start();
// Do some work...
spin.Stop();
}
我用下面的代码实现了它。由于我不希望Start()方法阻塞,我不希望用户不得不担心编写while(spinFlag)类循环,并且我希望同时允许多个旋转器,因此我必须生成一个单独的线程来处理旋转。这意味着代码要复杂得多。
此外,我没有做那么多多线程,所以有可能(甚至可能)我在那里留下了一个或三个微妙的错误。但到目前为止,它似乎运行得很好:
public class ConsoleSpinner : IDisposable
{
public ConsoleSpinner()
{
CursorLeft = Console.CursorLeft;
CursorTop = Console.CursorTop;
}
public ConsoleSpinner(bool start)
: this()
{
if (start) Start();
}
public void Start()
{
// prevent two conflicting Start() calls ot the same instance
lock (instanceLocker)
{
if (!running )
{
running = true;
turner = new Thread(Turn);
turner.Start();
}
}
}
public void StartHere()
{
SetPosition();
Start();
}
public void Stop()
{
lock (instanceLocker)
{
if (!running) return;
running = false;
if (! turner.Join(250))
turner.Abort();
}
}
public void SetPosition()
{
SetPosition(Console.CursorLeft, Console.CursorTop);
}
public void SetPosition(int left, int top)
{
bool wasRunning;
//prevent other start/stops during move
lock (instanceLocker)
{
wasRunning = running;
Stop();
CursorLeft = left;
CursorTop = top;
if (wasRunning) Start();
}
}
public bool IsSpinning { get { return running;} }
/* --- PRIVATE --- */
private int counter=-1;
private Thread turner;
private bool running = false;
private int rate = 100;
private int CursorLeft;
private int CursorTop;
private Object instanceLocker = new Object();
private static Object console = new Object();
private void Turn()
{
while (running)
{
counter++;
// prevent two instances from overlapping cursor position updates
// weird things can still happen if the main ui thread moves the cursor during an update and context switch
lock (console)
{
int OldLeft = Console.CursorLeft;
int OldTop = Console.CursorTop;
Console.SetCursorPosition(CursorLeft, CursorTop);
switch (counter)
{
case 0: Console.Write("/"); break;
case 1: Console.Write("-"); break;
case 2: Console.Write("\\"); break;
case 3: Console.Write("|"); counter = -1; break;
}
Console.SetCursorPosition(OldLeft, OldTop);
}
Thread.Sleep(rate);
}
lock (console)
{ // clean up
int OldLeft = Console.CursorLeft;
int OldTop = Console.CursorTop;
Console.SetCursorPosition(CursorLeft, CursorTop);
Console.Write(' ');
Console.SetCursorPosition(OldLeft, OldTop);
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
Stop();
}
}
到目前为止,我们有三个相互竞争的替代方案:
Console.Write("\r{0} ", value); // Option 1: carriage return
Console.Write("\b\b\b\b\b{0}", value); // Option 2: backspace
{ // Option 3 in two parts:
Console.SetCursorPosition(0, Console.CursorTop); // - Move cursor
Console.Write(value); // - Rewrite
}
我一直使用控制台。CursorLeft = 0,第三个选项的变体,所以我决定做一些测试。下面是我使用的代码:
public static void CursorTest()
{
int testsize = 1000000;
Console.WriteLine("Testing cursor position");
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < testsize; i++)
{
Console.Write("\rCounting: {0} ", i);
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("\nTime using \\r: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
sw.Reset();
sw.Start();
int top = Console.CursorTop;
for (int i = 0; i < testsize; i++)
{
Console.SetCursorPosition(0, top);
Console.Write("Counting: {0} ", i);
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("\nTime using CursorLeft: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
sw.Reset();
sw.Start();
Console.Write("Counting: ");
for (int i = 0; i < testsize; i++)
{
Console.Write("\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b{0,8}", i);
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("\nTime using \\b: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
在我的机器上,我得到了以下结果:
退格:25.0秒 回车:28.7秒 SetCursorPosition: 49.7秒
此外,SetCursorPosition引起了明显的闪烁,我没有观察到任何一个替代方案。所以,道德是尽可能使用退格或回车,谢谢你教我一个更快的方法来做到这一点,所以!
Update: In the comments, Joel suggests that SetCursorPosition is constant with respect to the distance moved while the other methods are linear. Further testing confirms that this is the case, however constant time and slow is still slow. In my tests, writing a long string of backspaces to the console is faster than SetCursorPosition until somewhere around 60 characters. So backspace is faster for replacing portions of the line shorter than 60 characters (or so), and it doesn't flicker, so I'm going to stand by my initial endorsement of \b over \r and SetCursorPosition.
我做了一个搜索,看看我写的解决方案是否可以优化速度。我想要的是一个倒数计时器,而不仅仅是更新当前行。 这是我想到的。可能对某人有用
int sleepTime = 5 * 60; // 5 minutes
for (int secondsRemaining = sleepTime; secondsRemaining > 0; secondsRemaining --)
{
double minutesPrecise = secondsRemaining / 60;
double minutesRounded = Math.Round(minutesPrecise, 0);
int seconds = Convert.ToInt32((minutesRounded * 60) - secondsRemaining);
Console.Write($"\rProcess will resume in {minutesRounded}:{String.Format("{0:D2}", -seconds)} ");
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
Console.WriteLine("");
我在vb.net上寻找同样的解决方案,我发现了这个,它很棒。
然而,@JohnOdom建议了一个更好的方法来处理空格,如果前一个空格比当前空格大。
我在vb.net做了一个函数,认为有人可以得到帮助。
这是我的代码:
Private Sub sPrintStatus(strTextToPrint As String, Optional boolIsNewLine As Boolean = False)
REM intLastLength is declared as public variable on global scope like below
REM intLastLength As Integer
If boolIsNewLine = True Then
intLastLength = 0
End If
If intLastLength > strTextToPrint.Length Then
Console.Write(Convert.ToChar(13) & strTextToPrint.PadRight(strTextToPrint.Length + (intLastLength - strTextToPrint.Length), Convert.ToChar(" ")))
Else
Console.Write(Convert.ToChar(13) & strTextToPrint)
End If
intLastLength = strTextToPrint.Length
End Sub