当在c#中构建Windows控制台应用程序时,是否有可能写入控制台而不必扩展当前行或去到新行?例如,如果我想显示一个百分比,表示一个流程离完成有多近,我只需要在游标所在的同一行上更新该值,而不必将每个百分比放在新行上。
这可以用“标准”c#控制台应用程序来实现吗?
当在c#中构建Windows控制台应用程序时,是否有可能写入控制台而不必扩展当前行或去到新行?例如,如果我想显示一个百分比,表示一个流程离完成有多近,我只需要在游标所在的同一行上更新该值,而不必将每个百分比放在新行上。
这可以用“标准”c#控制台应用程序来实现吗?
当前回答
我只需要使用divo的ConsoleSpinner类。我的远没有那么简洁,但我不喜欢这个类的用户必须编写自己的while(true)循环。我追求的是这样的经历:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("Working....");
ConsoleSpinner spin = new ConsoleSpinner();
spin.Start();
// Do some work...
spin.Stop();
}
我用下面的代码实现了它。由于我不希望Start()方法阻塞,我不希望用户不得不担心编写while(spinFlag)类循环,并且我希望同时允许多个旋转器,因此我必须生成一个单独的线程来处理旋转。这意味着代码要复杂得多。
此外,我没有做那么多多线程,所以有可能(甚至可能)我在那里留下了一个或三个微妙的错误。但到目前为止,它似乎运行得很好:
public class ConsoleSpinner : IDisposable
{
public ConsoleSpinner()
{
CursorLeft = Console.CursorLeft;
CursorTop = Console.CursorTop;
}
public ConsoleSpinner(bool start)
: this()
{
if (start) Start();
}
public void Start()
{
// prevent two conflicting Start() calls ot the same instance
lock (instanceLocker)
{
if (!running )
{
running = true;
turner = new Thread(Turn);
turner.Start();
}
}
}
public void StartHere()
{
SetPosition();
Start();
}
public void Stop()
{
lock (instanceLocker)
{
if (!running) return;
running = false;
if (! turner.Join(250))
turner.Abort();
}
}
public void SetPosition()
{
SetPosition(Console.CursorLeft, Console.CursorTop);
}
public void SetPosition(int left, int top)
{
bool wasRunning;
//prevent other start/stops during move
lock (instanceLocker)
{
wasRunning = running;
Stop();
CursorLeft = left;
CursorTop = top;
if (wasRunning) Start();
}
}
public bool IsSpinning { get { return running;} }
/* --- PRIVATE --- */
private int counter=-1;
private Thread turner;
private bool running = false;
private int rate = 100;
private int CursorLeft;
private int CursorTop;
private Object instanceLocker = new Object();
private static Object console = new Object();
private void Turn()
{
while (running)
{
counter++;
// prevent two instances from overlapping cursor position updates
// weird things can still happen if the main ui thread moves the cursor during an update and context switch
lock (console)
{
int OldLeft = Console.CursorLeft;
int OldTop = Console.CursorTop;
Console.SetCursorPosition(CursorLeft, CursorTop);
switch (counter)
{
case 0: Console.Write("/"); break;
case 1: Console.Write("-"); break;
case 2: Console.Write("\\"); break;
case 3: Console.Write("|"); counter = -1; break;
}
Console.SetCursorPosition(OldLeft, OldTop);
}
Thread.Sleep(rate);
}
lock (console)
{ // clean up
int OldLeft = Console.CursorLeft;
int OldTop = Console.CursorTop;
Console.SetCursorPosition(CursorLeft, CursorTop);
Console.Write(' ');
Console.SetCursorPosition(OldLeft, OldTop);
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
Stop();
}
}
其他回答
你可以使用控制台。SetCursorPosition设置光标的位置,然后在当前位置写入。
下面是一个简单的“spinner”的例子:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var spin = new ConsoleSpinner();
Console.Write("Working....");
while (true)
{
spin.Turn();
}
}
public class ConsoleSpinner
{
int counter;
public void Turn()
{
counter++;
switch (counter % 4)
{
case 0: Console.Write("/"); counter = 0; break;
case 1: Console.Write("-"); break;
case 2: Console.Write("\\"); break;
case 3: Console.Write("|"); break;
}
Thread.Sleep(100);
Console.SetCursorPosition(Console.CursorLeft - 1, Console.CursorTop);
}
}
请注意,您必须确保用新的输出或空白覆盖任何现有输出。
更新:因为它被批评的例子移动光标只向后一个字符,我将添加这个澄清:使用SetCursorPosition你可以设置光标到控制台窗口的任何位置。
Console.SetCursorPosition(0, Console.CursorTop);
将光标设置到当前行的开头(或者您可以使用Console。CursorLeft = 0直接)。
public void Update(string data)
{
Console.Write(string.Format("\r{0}", "".PadLeft(Console.CursorLeft, ' ')));
Console.Write(string.Format("\r{0}", data));
}
灵感来自@E。拉湖解决方案,执行进度条用百分比。
public class ConsoleSpinner
{
private int _counter;
public void Turn(Color color, int max, string prefix = "Completed", string symbol = "■",int position = 0)
{
Console.SetCursorPosition(0, position);
Console.Write($"{prefix} {ComputeSpinner(_counter, max, symbol)}", color);
_counter = _counter == max ? 0 : _counter + 1;
}
public string ComputeSpinner(int nmb, int max, string symbol)
{
var spinner = new StringBuilder();
if (nmb == 0)
return "\r ";
spinner.Append($"[{nmb}%] [");
for (var i = 0; i < max; i++)
{
spinner.Append(i < nmb ? symbol : ".");
}
spinner.Append("]");
return spinner.ToString();
}
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
var progressBar= new ConsoleSpinner();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
progressBar.Turn(Color.Aqua,100);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
如果你只打印“\r”到控制台,光标会回到当前行的开头,然后你可以重写它。这应该可以达到目的:
for(int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
{
Console.Write("\r{0}% ", i);
}
注意数字后面的几个空格,以确保之前的任何内容都被擦除。 还要注意使用Write()而不是WriteLine(),因为您不想在行末添加“\n”。
到目前为止,我们有三个相互竞争的替代方案:
Console.Write("\r{0} ", value); // Option 1: carriage return
Console.Write("\b\b\b\b\b{0}", value); // Option 2: backspace
{ // Option 3 in two parts:
Console.SetCursorPosition(0, Console.CursorTop); // - Move cursor
Console.Write(value); // - Rewrite
}
我一直使用控制台。CursorLeft = 0,第三个选项的变体,所以我决定做一些测试。下面是我使用的代码:
public static void CursorTest()
{
int testsize = 1000000;
Console.WriteLine("Testing cursor position");
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < testsize; i++)
{
Console.Write("\rCounting: {0} ", i);
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("\nTime using \\r: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
sw.Reset();
sw.Start();
int top = Console.CursorTop;
for (int i = 0; i < testsize; i++)
{
Console.SetCursorPosition(0, top);
Console.Write("Counting: {0} ", i);
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("\nTime using CursorLeft: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
sw.Reset();
sw.Start();
Console.Write("Counting: ");
for (int i = 0; i < testsize; i++)
{
Console.Write("\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b{0,8}", i);
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("\nTime using \\b: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
在我的机器上,我得到了以下结果:
退格:25.0秒 回车:28.7秒 SetCursorPosition: 49.7秒
此外,SetCursorPosition引起了明显的闪烁,我没有观察到任何一个替代方案。所以,道德是尽可能使用退格或回车,谢谢你教我一个更快的方法来做到这一点,所以!
Update: In the comments, Joel suggests that SetCursorPosition is constant with respect to the distance moved while the other methods are linear. Further testing confirms that this is the case, however constant time and slow is still slow. In my tests, writing a long string of backspaces to the console is faster than SetCursorPosition until somewhere around 60 characters. So backspace is faster for replacing portions of the line shorter than 60 characters (or so), and it doesn't flicker, so I'm going to stand by my initial endorsement of \b over \r and SetCursorPosition.