这取决于你需要这个值做什么。你(和目前所有人一样)忽略了第三种选择:

Static const int var = 5; #定义var 5 枚举{var = 5};

忽略名字的选择问题，那么:

If you need to pass a pointer around, you must use (1). Since (2) is apparently an option, you don't need to pass pointers around. Both (1) and (3) have a symbol in the debugger's symbol table - that makes debugging easier. It is more likely that (2) will not have a symbol, leaving you wondering what it is. (1) cannot be used as a dimension for arrays at global scope; both (2) and (3) can. (1) cannot be used as a dimension for static arrays at function scope; both (2) and (3) can. Under C99, all of these can be used for local arrays. Technically, using (1) would imply the use of a VLA (variable-length array), though the dimension referenced by 'var' would of course be fixed at size 5. (1) cannot be used in places like switch statements; both (2) and (3) can. (1) cannot be used to initialize static variables; both (2) and (3) can. (2) can change code that you didn't want changed because it is used by the preprocessor; both (1) and (3) will not have unexpected side-effects like that. You can detect whether (2) has been set in the preprocessor; neither (1) nor (3) allows that.

因此，在大多数情况下，优先选择“enum”而不是其他选项。否则，第一个和最后一个要点很可能是控制因素——如果你需要同时满足这两个点，你必须更努力地思考。

如果你问的是c++，那么你每次都应该使用option (1) - static const。

一个简单的区别:

在预处理时，常量被替换为它的值。 因此，不能将解引用操作符应用于定义，但可以将解引用操作符应用于变量。

如您所料，define比static const更快。

例如，有:

#define mymax 100

你不能做printf("address of constant is %p"，&mymax);

但是有

const int mymax_var=100

你可以做printf("address of constant is %p"，&mymax_var);

更清楚地说，define在预处理阶段被它的值替换，因此程序中没有存储任何变量。我们只有使用define的程序文本段的代码。

然而，对于static const，我们有一个被分配到某处的变量。对于gcc，静态const分配在程序的文本段中。

上面，我想讲的是引用操作符，所以用引用替换解引用。

一般来说:

static const

因为它尊重作用域并且是类型安全的。

我能看到的唯一警告是:如果您希望变量可能在命令行上定义。还有另一种选择:

#ifdef VAR // Very bad name, not long enough, too general, etc..
  static int const var = VAR;
#else
  static int const var = 5; // default value
#endif

尽可能使用类型安全的替代方法，而不是宏/省略号。

如果你真的需要使用宏(例如，你想要__FILE__或__LINE__)，那么你最好非常小心地命名你的宏:在它的命名约定中，Boost推荐所有大写字母，以项目的名称(这里是BOOST_)开头，而仔细阅读库，你会注意到这(通常)后面是特定区域(库)的名称，然后是一个有意义的名称。

它通常会产生很长的名字:)

不要认为“哪个总是最好的”有一个答案，但是，正如马蒂厄所说

静态常量

类型安全。我对#define最大的不满是，在Visual Studio中调试时，你不能看到变量。它给出一个无法找到符号的错误。

这取决于你需要这个值做什么。你(和目前所有人一样)忽略了第三种选择:

Static const int var = 5; #定义var 5 枚举{var = 5};

忽略名字的选择问题，那么:

If you need to pass a pointer around, you must use (1). Since (2) is apparently an option, you don't need to pass pointers around. Both (1) and (3) have a symbol in the debugger's symbol table - that makes debugging easier. It is more likely that (2) will not have a symbol, leaving you wondering what it is. (1) cannot be used as a dimension for arrays at global scope; both (2) and (3) can. (1) cannot be used as a dimension for static arrays at function scope; both (2) and (3) can. Under C99, all of these can be used for local arrays. Technically, using (1) would imply the use of a VLA (variable-length array), though the dimension referenced by 'var' would of course be fixed at size 5. (1) cannot be used in places like switch statements; both (2) and (3) can. (1) cannot be used to initialize static variables; both (2) and (3) can. (2) can change code that you didn't want changed because it is used by the preprocessor; both (1) and (3) will not have unexpected side-effects like that. You can detect whether (2) has been set in the preprocessor; neither (1) nor (3) allows that.

因此，在大多数情况下，优先选择“enum”而不是其他选项。否则，第一个和最后一个要点很可能是控制因素——如果你需要同时满足这两个点，你必须更努力地思考。

如果你问的是c++，那么你每次都应该使用option (1) - static const。

我们查看了MBF16X上生成的汇编代码…这两种变体产生相同的算术运算代码(例如ADD Immediate)。

所以const int是类型检查的首选，而#define是旧风格。也许它是特定于编译器的。因此，请检查生成的汇编程序代码。