C中const的另一个缺点是不能在初始化另一个const时使用该值。

static int const NUMBER_OF_FINGERS_PER_HAND = 5;
static int const NUMBER_OF_HANDS = 2;

// initializer element is not constant, this does not work.
static int const NUMBER_OF_FINGERS = NUMBER_OF_FINGERS_PER_HAND 
                                     * NUMBER_OF_HANDS;

即使这对const也不起作用，因为编译器不会将其视为常量:

static uint8_t const ARRAY_SIZE = 16;
static int8_t const lookup_table[ARRAY_SIZE] = {
    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16}; // ARRAY_SIZE not a constant!

我很乐意在这些情况下使用类型化的const，否则…

我写了一个快速测试程序来证明其中的一个区别:

#include <stdio.h>

enum {ENUM_DEFINED=16};
enum {ENUM_DEFINED=32};

#define DEFINED_DEFINED 16
#define DEFINED_DEFINED 32

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

   printf("%d, %d\n", DEFINED_DEFINED, ENUM_DEFINED);

   return(0);
}

这个编译带有以下错误和警告:

main.c:6:7: error: redefinition of enumerator 'ENUM_DEFINED'
enum {ENUM_DEFINED=32};
      ^
main.c:5:7: note: previous definition is here
enum {ENUM_DEFINED=16};
      ^
main.c:9:9: warning: 'DEFINED_DEFINED' macro redefined [-Wmacro-redefined]
#define DEFINED_DEFINED 32
        ^
main.c:8:9: note: previous definition is here
#define DEFINED_DEFINED 16
        ^

注意，当define给出警告时，enum给出一个错误。

在c#中定义更为流行。你可以使用这些值来声明数组大小，例如:

#define MAXLEN 5

void foo(void) {
   int bar[MAXLEN];
}

据我所知，ANSI C不允许你在这种情况下使用静态常量。在c++中，在这些情况下应该避免使用宏。你可以写

const int maxlen = 5;

void foo() {
   int bar[maxlen];
}

甚至不用static，因为内部链接已经由const隐含[仅在c++中]。

虽然这个问题是关于整数的，但值得注意的是，如果需要常量结构或字符串，#define和enum是无用的。它们通常都作为指针传递给函数。(对于字符串，它是必需的;有了结构，效率就高多了。)

As for integers, if you're in an embedded environment with very limited memory, you might need to worry about where the constant is stored and how accesses to it are compiled. The compiler might add two consts at run time, but add two #defines at compile time. A #define constant may be converted into one or more MOV [immediate] instructions, which means the constant is effectively stored in program memory. A const constant will be stored in the .const section in data memory. In systems with a Harvard architecture, there could be differences in performance and memory usage, although they'd likely be small. They might matter for hard-core optimization of inner loops.

在C语言中?在C语言中，正确的答案是:使用#define(或者，如果合适，使用enum)

虽然具有const对象的作用域和类型属性是有益的，但实际上C中的const对象(与c++相反)并不是真正的常量，因此在大多数实际情况下通常是无用的。

所以，在C语言中，选择应该取决于你计划如何使用常数。例如，你不能使用const int对象作为case标签(而宏可以)。你不能使用const int对象作为位域宽度(而宏可以)。在C89/90中，你不能使用const对象来指定数组大小(而宏可以)。即使在C99中，当你需要一个非vla数组时，你也不能使用const对象来指定数组大小。

如果这对你很重要，那么它将决定你的选择。大多数时候，你别无选择，只能在C中使用#define。不要忘记另一个选择，它在C - enum中产生真正的常量。

在c++中，const对象是真正的常量，所以在c++中，最好使用const变体(但在c++中不需要显式的静态)。

这取决于你需要这个值做什么。你(和目前所有人一样)忽略了第三种选择:

Static const int var = 5; #定义var 5 枚举{var = 5};

忽略名字的选择问题，那么:

If you need to pass a pointer around, you must use (1). Since (2) is apparently an option, you don't need to pass pointers around. Both (1) and (3) have a symbol in the debugger's symbol table - that makes debugging easier. It is more likely that (2) will not have a symbol, leaving you wondering what it is. (1) cannot be used as a dimension for arrays at global scope; both (2) and (3) can. (1) cannot be used as a dimension for static arrays at function scope; both (2) and (3) can. Under C99, all of these can be used for local arrays. Technically, using (1) would imply the use of a VLA (variable-length array), though the dimension referenced by 'var' would of course be fixed at size 5. (1) cannot be used in places like switch statements; both (2) and (3) can. (1) cannot be used to initialize static variables; both (2) and (3) can. (2) can change code that you didn't want changed because it is used by the preprocessor; both (1) and (3) will not have unexpected side-effects like that. You can detect whether (2) has been set in the preprocessor; neither (1) nor (3) allows that.

因此，在大多数情况下，优先选择“enum”而不是其他选项。否则，第一个和最后一个要点很可能是控制因素——如果你需要同时满足这两个点，你必须更努力地思考。

如果你问的是c++，那么你每次都应该使用option (1) - static const。