这是一个深思熟虑的设计决定,还是我们当前浏览器的一个问题,这个问题将在未来的版本中得到纠正?


当前回答

JavaScript不支持多线程,因为浏览器中的JavaScript解释器是一个单线程(AFAIK)。即使谷歌Chrome也不会让单个网页的JavaScript同时运行,因为这会导致现有网页的大量并发问题。Chrome所做的只是将多个组件(不同的选项卡、插件等)分离到单独的进程中,但我无法想象一个页面有多个JavaScript线程。

You can however use, as was suggested, setTimeout to allow some sort of scheduling and “fake” concurrency. This causes the browser to regain control of the rendering thread, and start the JavaScript code supplied to setTimeout after the given number of milliseconds. This is very useful if you want to allow the viewport (what you see) to refresh while performing operations on it. Just looping through e.g. coordinates and updating an element accordingly will just let you see the start and end positions, and nothing in between.

我们在JavaScript中使用了一个抽象库,它允许我们创建进程和线程,它们都由同一个JavaScript解释器管理。这允许我们以以下方式运行操作:

进程A,线程1 进程A,线程2 进程B,线程1 进程A,线程3 进程A,线程4 进程B,线程2 暂停进程A 进程B,线程3 进程B,线程4 进程B,线程5 启动流程A 进程A,线程5

这允许某种形式的调度和伪并行,线程的启动和停止等等,但它不是真正的多线程。我不认为它会在语言本身中实现,因为真正的多线程只有在浏览器可以运行单页多线程(甚至不止一个核心)时才有用,而且那里的困难比额外的可能性要大得多。

关于JavaScript的未来,看看这个: https://developer.mozilla.org/presentations/xtech2006/javascript/

其他回答

传统上,JS是为简短、快速运行的代码而设计的。如果你需要进行重要的计算,你就需要在服务器上进行——让一个JS+HTML应用程序长时间运行在你的浏览器中做一些重要的事情是荒谬的。

Of course, now we have that. But, it'll take a bit for browsers to catch up - most of them have been designed around a single-threaded model, and changing that is not easy. Google Gears side-steps a lot of potential problems by requiring that background execution is isolated - no changing the DOM (since that's not thread-safe), no accessing objects created by the main thread (ditto). While restrictive, this will likely be the most practical design for the near future, both because it simplifies the design of the browser, and because it reduces the risk involved in allowing inexperienced JS coders mess around with threads...

@marcio:

为什么不使用Javascript实现多线程呢?程序员可以用他们拥有的工具做任何他们想做的事情。

So then, let's not give them tools that are so easy to misuse that every other website i open ends up crashing my browser. A naive implementation of this would bring you straight into the territory that caused MS so many headaches during IE7 development: add-on authors played fast and loose with the threading model, resulting in hidden bugs that became evident when object lifecycles changed on the primary thread. BAD. If you're writing multi-threaded ActiveX add-ons for IE, i guess it comes with the territory; doesn't mean it needs to go any further than that.

据我所知,谷歌Chrome将有多线程javascript,所以这是一个“当前实现”的问题。

实际上多线程与语言本身没有关系。 这是一个。net的多线程Javascript引擎。 它在多线程场景下工作得非常好。 它集成了c#运行时,所以所有的同步逻辑都类似于c#。可以启动/等待/等待任务,也可以启动线程。你甚至可以放锁。下面的示例演示了在。net运行时中使用Javascript语法的并行循环。

https://github.com/koculu/topaz

var engine = new TopazEngine();
engine.AddType(typeof(Console), "Console");
topazEngine.AddType(typeof(Parallel), "Parallel");
engine.ExecuteScript(@"
var sharedVariable = 0
function f1(i) {
    sharedVariable = i
}
Parallel.For(0, 100000 , f1)
Console.WriteLine(`Final value: {sharedVariable}`);
");

除此之外,微软正在开发Napa.js,一个支持多线程的Node.js克隆。

https://github.com/microsoft/napajs

正如matt b所说,这个问题不是很清楚。假设您正在询问语言中的多线程支持:因为目前在浏览器中运行的99.999%的应用程序都不需要多线程。如果你真的需要它,有一些变通方法(比如使用window.setTimeout)。

一般来说,多线程是非常,非常,非常,非常,非常,非常,很难(我说过它很难吗?),除非你加入额外的限制(比如只使用不可变数据)。

我不知道这个决定的基本原理,但我知道可以使用setTimeout模拟多线程编程的一些好处。您可以给人一种错觉,认为多个进程同时在做事情,但实际上,所有事情都发生在一个线程中。

只需要让你的函数做一点工作,然后调用类似这样的东西:

setTimeout(function () {
    ... do the rest of the work...
}, 0);

任何其他需要做的事情(如UI更新,动画图像等)都会在他们有机会的时候发生。