以下是三种解决方案：

Fastest是使用for循环并将其存储在Dict中。

import time
from collections import Counter


def countElement(a):
    g = {}
    for i in a:
        if i in g: 
            g[i] +=1
        else: 
            g[i] =1
    return g


z = [1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,234,23,3,12,3,123,12,31,23,13,2,4,23,42,42,34,234,23,42,34,23,423,42,34,23,423,4,234,23,42,34,23,4,23,423,4,23,4]


#Solution 1 - Faster
st = time.monotonic()
for i in range(1000000):
    b = countElement(z)
et = time.monotonic()
print(b)
print('Simple for loop and storing it in dict - Duration: {}'.format(et - st))

#Solution 2 - Fast
st = time.monotonic()
for i in range(1000000):
    a = Counter(z)
et = time.monotonic()
print (a)
print('Using collections.Counter - Duration: {}'.format(et - st))

#Solution 3 - Slow
st = time.monotonic()
for i in range(1000000):
    g = dict([(i, z.count(i)) for i in set(z)])
et = time.monotonic()
print(g)
print('Using list comprehension - Duration: {}'.format(et - st))

后果

#解决方案1-更快

{1: 4, 2: 5, 3: 4, 4: 6, 5: 2, 234: 3, 23: 10, 12: 2, 123: 1, 31: 1, 13: 1, 42: 5, 34: 4, 423: 3}
Simple for loop and storing it in dict - Duration: 12.032000000000153

#解决方案2-快速

Counter({23: 10, 4: 6, 2: 5, 42: 5, 1: 4, 3: 4, 34: 4, 234: 3, 423: 3, 5: 2, 12: 2, 123: 1, 31: 1, 13: 1})
Using collections.Counter - Duration: 15.889999999999418

#解决方案3-缓慢

{1: 4, 2: 5, 3: 4, 4: 6, 5: 2, 34: 4, 423: 3, 234: 3, 42: 5, 12: 2, 13: 1, 23: 10, 123: 1, 31: 1}
Using list comprehension - Duration: 33.0

我今天遇到了这个问题，在我想检查SO之前，我推出了自己的解决方案

dict((i,a.count(i)) for i in a)

对于大列表来说真的很慢。我的解决方案

def occurDict(items):
    d = {}
    for i in items:
        if i in d:
            d[i] = d[i]+1
        else:
            d[i] = 1
return d

实际上比Counter解决方案快一点，至少对于Python 2.7来说是这样。

还可以使用内置模块运算符的countOf方法。

>>> import operator
>>> operator.countOf([1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 4, 1], 1)
3

sum([1 for elem in <yourlist> if elem==<your_value>])

这将返回值的出现次数

如果只需要单个项目的计数，请使用计数方法：

>>> [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 4, 1].count(1)
3

重要提示：如果您正在计算多个不同的项目，这会非常缓慢

每个计数调用都会遍历n个元素的整个列表。在循环中调用计数n次意味着总共检查n次，这可能会对性能造成灾难性影响。

如果要计数多个项目，请使用计数器，它只进行n次总检查。

给定列表X

 import numpy as np
 X = [1, -1, 1, -1, 1]

显示此列表元素的i:frequency（i）的字典为：

{i:X.count(i) for i in np.unique(X)}

输出：

{-1: 2, 1: 3}