你如何从给定的N个数字中测试所有可能的加法组合,使它们加起来得到给定的最终数字?
一个简单的例子:
要添加的数字集:N ={1,5,22,15,0,…} 期望结果:12345
你如何从给定的N个数字中测试所有可能的加法组合,使它们加起来得到给定的最终数字?
一个简单的例子:
要添加的数字集:N ={1,5,22,15,0,…} 期望结果:12345
当前回答
用excel找到组合(相当容易)。 (你的电脑不能太慢)
去这个网站 进入“Sum to Target”页面 下载“Sum to Target”excel文件。 按照网站页面上的说明操作。
希望这能有所帮助。
其他回答
Thank you.. ephemient
我已经将上述逻辑从python转换为php..
<?php
$data = array(array(2,3,5,10,15),array(4,6,23,15,12),array(23,34,12,1,5));
$maxsum = 25;
print_r(bestsum($data,$maxsum)); //function call
function bestsum($data,$maxsum)
{
$res = array_fill(0, $maxsum + 1, '0');
$res[0] = array(); //base case
foreach($data as $group)
{
$new_res = $res; //copy res
foreach($group as $ele)
{
for($i=0;$i<($maxsum-$ele+1);$i++)
{
if($res[$i] != 0)
{
$ele_index = $i+$ele;
$new_res[$ele_index] = $res[$i];
$new_res[$ele_index][] = $ele;
}
}
}
$res = $new_res;
}
for($i=$maxsum;$i>0;$i--)
{
if($res[$i]!=0)
{
return $res[$i];
break;
}
}
return array();
}
?>
非常有效的算法,使用我几年前用c++写的表格。
如果你设置PRINT 1,它将打印所有的组合(但它不会使用有效的方法)。
它非常高效,在不到10毫秒的时间内计算了超过10^14个组合。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//#include "CTime.h"
#define SUM 300
#define MAXNUMsSIZE 30
#define PRINT 0
long long CountAddToSum(int,int[],int,const int[],int);
void printr(const int[], int);
long long table1[SUM][MAXNUMsSIZE];
int main()
{
int Nums[]={3,4,5,6,7,9,13,11,12,13,22,35,17,14,18,23,33,54};
int sum=SUM;
int size=sizeof(Nums)/sizeof(int);
int i,j,a[]={0};
long long N=0;
//CTime timer1;
for(i=0;i<SUM;++i)
for(j=0;j<MAXNUMsSIZE;++j)
table1[i][j]=-1;
N = CountAddToSum(sum,Nums,size,a,0); //algorithm
//timer1.Get_Passd();
//printf("\nN=%lld time=%.1f ms\n", N,timer1.Get_Passd());
printf("\nN=%lld \n", N);
getchar();
return 1;
}
long long CountAddToSum(int s, int arr[],int arrsize, const int r[],int rsize)
{
static int totalmem=0, maxmem=0;
int i,*rnew;
long long result1=0,result2=0;
if(s<0) return 0;
if (table1[s][arrsize]>0 && PRINT==0) return table1[s][arrsize];
if(s==0)
{
if(PRINT) printr(r, rsize);
return 1;
}
if(arrsize==0) return 0;
//else
rnew=(int*)malloc((rsize+1)*sizeof(int));
for(i=0;i<rsize;++i) rnew[i]=r[i];
rnew[rsize]=arr[arrsize-1];
result1 = CountAddToSum(s,arr,arrsize-1,rnew,rsize);
result2 = CountAddToSum(s-arr[arrsize-1],arr,arrsize,rnew,rsize+1);
table1[s][arrsize]=result1+result2;
free(rnew);
return result1+result2;
}
void printr(const int r[], int rsize)
{
int lastr=r[0],count=0,i;
for(i=0; i<rsize;++i)
{
if(r[i]==lastr)
count++;
else
{
printf(" %d*%d ",count,lastr);
lastr=r[i];
count=1;
}
}
if(r[i-1]==lastr) printf(" %d*%d ",count,lastr);
printf("\n");
}
PHP版本,灵感来自Keith Beller的c#版本。
bala的PHP版本不适合我,因为我不需要对数字进行分组。我想要一个更简单的实现,只有一个目标值和一个数字池。这个函数也会删除任何重复的条目。
编辑25/10/2021:添加精度参数以支持浮点数(现在需要bcmath扩展)。
/**
* Calculates a subset sum: finds out which combinations of numbers
* from the numbers array can be added together to come to the target
* number.
*
* Returns an indexed array with arrays of number combinations.
*
* Example:
*
* <pre>
* $matches = subset_sum(array(5,10,7,3,20), 25);
* </pre>
*
* Returns:
*
* <pre>
* Array
* (
* [0] => Array
* (
* [0] => 3
* [1] => 5
* [2] => 7
* [3] => 10
* )
* [1] => Array
* (
* [0] => 5
* [1] => 20
* )
* )
* </pre>
*
* @param number[] $numbers
* @param number $target
* @param array $part
* @param int $precision
* @return array[number[]]
*/
function subset_sum($numbers, $target, $precision=0, $part=null)
{
// we assume that an empty $part variable means this
// is the top level call.
$toplevel = false;
if($part === null) {
$toplevel = true;
$part = array();
}
$s = 0;
foreach($part as $x)
{
$s = $s + $x;
}
// we have found a match!
if(bccomp((string) $s, (string) $target, $precision) === 0)
{
sort($part); // ensure the numbers are always sorted
return array(implode('|', $part));
}
// gone too far, break off
if($s >= $target)
{
return null;
}
$matches = array();
$totalNumbers = count($numbers);
for($i=0; $i < $totalNumbers; $i++)
{
$remaining = array();
$n = $numbers[$i];
for($j = $i+1; $j < $totalNumbers; $j++)
{
$remaining[] = $numbers[$j];
}
$part_rec = $part;
$part_rec[] = $n;
$result = subset_sum($remaining, $target, $precision, $part_rec);
if($result)
{
$matches = array_merge($matches, $result);
}
}
if(!$toplevel)
{
return $matches;
}
// this is the top level function call: we have to
// prepare the final result value by stripping any
// duplicate results.
$matches = array_unique($matches);
$result = array();
foreach($matches as $entry)
{
$result[] = explode('|', $entry);
}
return $result;
}
例子:
$result = subset_sum(array(5, 10, 7, 3, 20), 25);
这将返回一个包含两个数字组合数组的索引数组:
3, 5, 7, 10
5, 20
浮点数示例:
// Specify the precision in the third argument
$result = subset_sum(array(0.40, 0.03, 0.05), 0.45, 2);
这将返回一个匹配项:
0.40, 0.05
我将c#示例移植到Objective-c,并没有在响应中看到它:
//Usage
NSMutableArray* numberList = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSMutableArray* partial = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
int target = 16;
for( int i = 1; i<target; i++ )
{ [numberList addObject:@(i)]; }
[self findSums:numberList target:target part:partial];
//*******************************************************************
// Finds combinations of numbers that add up to target recursively
//*******************************************************************
-(void)findSums:(NSMutableArray*)numbers target:(int)target part:(NSMutableArray*)partial
{
int s = 0;
for (NSNumber* x in partial)
{ s += [x intValue]; }
if (s == target)
{ NSLog(@"Sum[%@]", partial); }
if (s >= target)
{ return; }
for (int i = 0;i < [numbers count];i++ )
{
int n = [numbers[i] intValue];
NSMutableArray* remaining = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
for (int j = i + 1; j < [numbers count];j++)
{ [remaining addObject:@([numbers[j] intValue])]; }
NSMutableArray* partRec = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithArray:partial];
[partRec addObject:@(n)];
[self findSums:remaining target:target part:partRec];
}
}
我在做类似的scala作业。我想在这里发布我的解决方案:
def countChange(money: Int, coins: List[Int]): Int = {
def getCount(money: Int, remainingCoins: List[Int]): Int = {
if(money == 0 ) 1
else if(money < 0 || remainingCoins.isEmpty) 0
else
getCount(money, remainingCoins.tail) +
getCount(money - remainingCoins.head, remainingCoins)
}
if(money == 0 || coins.isEmpty) 0
else getCount(money, coins)
}