你如何从给定的N个数字中测试所有可能的加法组合，使它们加起来得到给定的最终数字?
一个简单的例子:
要添加的数字集:N ={1,5,22,15,0，…} 期望结果:12345
当前回答
Java解决方案的Swift 3转换(by @JeremyThompson)
protocol _IntType { }
extension Int: _IntType {}
extension Array where Element: _IntType {
func subsets(to: Int) -> [[Element]]? {
func sum_up_recursive(_ numbers: [Element], _ target: Int, _ partial: [Element], _ solution: inout [[Element]]) {
var sum: Int = 0
for x in partial {
sum += x as! Int
}
if sum == target {
solution.append(partial)
}
guard sum < target else {
return
}
for i in stride(from: 0, to: numbers.count, by: 1) {
var remaining = [Element]()
for j in stride(from: i + 1, to: numbers.count, by: 1) {
remaining.append(numbers[j])
}
var partial_rec = [Element](partial)
partial_rec.append(numbers[i])
sum_up_recursive(remaining, target, partial_rec, &solution)
}
}
var solutions = [[Element]]()
sum_up_recursive(self, to, [Element](), &solutions)
return solutions.count > 0 ? solutions : nil
}
}
用法:
let numbers = [3, 9, 8, 4, 5, 7, 10]
if let solution = numbers.subsets(to: 15) {
print(solution) // output: [[3, 8, 4], [3, 5, 7], [8, 7], [5, 10]]
} else {
print("not possible")
}
其他回答
非常有效的算法，使用我几年前用c++写的表格。
如果你设置PRINT 1，它将打印所有的组合(但它不会使用有效的方法)。
它非常高效，在不到10毫秒的时间内计算了超过10^14个组合。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//#include "CTime.h"
#define SUM 300
#define MAXNUMsSIZE 30
#define PRINT 0
long long CountAddToSum(int,int[],int,const int[],int);
void printr(const int[], int);
long long table1[SUM][MAXNUMsSIZE];
int main()
{
int Nums[]={3,4,5,6,7,9,13,11,12,13,22,35,17,14,18,23,33,54};
int sum=SUM;
int size=sizeof(Nums)/sizeof(int);
int i,j,a[]={0};
long long N=0;
//CTime timer1;
for(i=0;i<SUM;++i)
for(j=0;j<MAXNUMsSIZE;++j)
table1[i][j]=-1;
N = CountAddToSum(sum,Nums,size,a,0); //algorithm
//timer1.Get_Passd();
//printf("\nN=%lld time=%.1f ms\n", N,timer1.Get_Passd());
printf("\nN=%lld \n", N);
getchar();
return 1;
}
long long CountAddToSum(int s, int arr[],int arrsize, const int r[],int rsize)
{
static int totalmem=0, maxmem=0;
int i,*rnew;
long long result1=0,result2=0;
if(s<0) return 0;
if (table1[s][arrsize]>0 && PRINT==0) return table1[s][arrsize];
if(s==0)
{
if(PRINT) printr(r, rsize);
return 1;
}
if(arrsize==0) return 0;
//else
rnew=(int*)malloc((rsize+1)*sizeof(int));
for(i=0;i<rsize;++i) rnew[i]=r[i];
rnew[rsize]=arr[arrsize-1];
result1 = CountAddToSum(s,arr,arrsize-1,rnew,rsize);
result2 = CountAddToSum(s-arr[arrsize-1],arr,arrsize,rnew,rsize+1);
table1[s][arrsize]=result1+result2;
free(rnew);
return result1+result2;
}
void printr(const int r[], int rsize)
{
int lastr=r[0],count=0,i;
for(i=0; i<rsize;++i)
{
if(r[i]==lastr)
count++;
else
{
printf(" %d*%d ",count,lastr);
lastr=r[i];
count=1;
}
}
if(r[i-1]==lastr) printf(" %d*%d ",count,lastr);
printf("\n");
}
Java非递归版本，简单地添加元素并在可能的值之间重新分配它们。0被忽略，适用于固定的列表(给定的是您可以使用的)或可重复的数字列表。
import java.util.*;
public class TestCombinations {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<Integer> numbers = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2, 2, 5, 10, 20));
LinkedHashSet<Integer> targets = new LinkedHashSet<Integer>() {{
add(4);
add(10);
add(25);
}};
System.out.println("## each element can appear as many times as needed");
for (Integer target: targets) {
Combinations combinations = new Combinations(numbers, target, true);
combinations.calculateCombinations();
for (String solution: combinations.getCombinations()) {
System.out.println(solution);
}
}
System.out.println("## each element can appear only once");
for (Integer target: targets) {
Combinations combinations = new Combinations(numbers, target, false);
combinations.calculateCombinations();
for (String solution: combinations.getCombinations()) {
System.out.println(solution);
}
}
}
public static class Combinations {
private boolean allowRepetitions;
private int[] repetitions;
private ArrayList<Integer> numbers;
private Integer target;
private Integer sum;
private boolean hasNext;
private Set<String> combinations;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param numbers Numbers that can be used to calculate the sum.
* @param target Target value for sum.
*/
public Combinations(ArrayList<Integer> numbers, Integer target) {
this(numbers, target, true);
}
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param numbers Numbers that can be used to calculate the sum.
* @param target Target value for sum.
*/
public Combinations(ArrayList<Integer> numbers, Integer target, boolean allowRepetitions) {
this.allowRepetitions = allowRepetitions;
if (this.allowRepetitions) {
Set<Integer> numbersSet = new HashSet<>(numbers);
this.numbers = new ArrayList<>(numbersSet);
} else {
this.numbers = numbers;
}
this.numbers.removeAll(Arrays.asList(0));
Collections.sort(this.numbers);
this.target = target;
this.repetitions = new int[this.numbers.size()];
this.combinations = new LinkedHashSet<>();
this.sum = 0;
if (this.repetitions.length > 0)
this.hasNext = true;
else
this.hasNext = false;
}
/**
* Calculate and return the sum of the current combination.
*
* @return The sum.
*/
private Integer calculateSum() {
this.sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < repetitions.length; ++i) {
this.sum += repetitions[i] * numbers.get(i);
}
return this.sum;
}
/**
* Redistribute picks when only one of each number is allowed in the sum.
*/
private void redistribute() {
for (int i = 1; i < this.repetitions.length; ++i) {
if (this.repetitions[i - 1] > 1) {
this.repetitions[i - 1] = 0;
this.repetitions[i] += 1;
}
}
if (this.repetitions[this.repetitions.length - 1] > 1)
this.repetitions[this.repetitions.length - 1] = 0;
}
/**
* Get the sum of the next combination. When 0 is returned, there's no other combinations to check.
*
* @return The sum.
*/
private Integer next() {
if (this.hasNext && this.repetitions.length > 0) {
this.repetitions[0] += 1;
if (!this.allowRepetitions)
this.redistribute();
this.calculateSum();
for (int i = 0; i < this.repetitions.length && this.sum != 0; ++i) {
if (this.sum > this.target) {
this.repetitions[i] = 0;
if (i + 1 < this.repetitions.length) {
this.repetitions[i + 1] += 1;
if (!this.allowRepetitions)
this.redistribute();
}
this.calculateSum();
}
}
if (this.sum.compareTo(0) == 0)
this.hasNext = false;
}
return this.sum;
}
/**
* Calculate all combinations whose sum equals target.
*/
public void calculateCombinations() {
while (this.hasNext) {
if (this.next().compareTo(target) == 0)
this.combinations.add(this.toString());
}
}
/**
* Return all combinations whose sum equals target.
*
* @return Combinations as a set of strings.
*/
public Set<String> getCombinations() {
return this.combinations;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("" + sum + ": ");
for (int i = 0; i < repetitions.length; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < repetitions[i]; ++j) {
stringBuilder.append(numbers.get(i) + " ");
}
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
}
}
样例输入:
numbers: 0, 1, 2, 2, 5, 10, 20
targets: 4, 10, 25
样例输出:
## each element can appear as many times as needed
4: 1 1 1 1
4: 1 1 2
4: 2 2
10: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
10: 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
10: 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
10: 1 1 2 2 2 2
10: 2 2 2 2 2
10: 1 1 1 1 1 5
10: 1 1 1 2 5
10: 1 2 2 5
10: 5 5
10: 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5
25: 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 5 5
25: 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 2 5 5 5 5
25: 1 2 2 5 5 5 5
25: 5 5 5 5 5
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 10
25: 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 10
25: 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 10
25: 2 2 2 2 2 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 10
25: 1 1 1 2 5 5 10
25: 1 2 2 5 5 10
25: 5 5 5 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 10 10
25: 1 1 1 2 10 10
25: 1 2 2 10 10
25: 5 10 10
25: 1 1 1 1 1 20
25: 1 1 1 2 20
25: 1 2 2 20
25: 5 20
## each element can appear only once
4: 2 2
10: 1 2 2 5
10: 10
25: 1 2 2 20
25: 5 20
@KeithBeller的回答略有变化的变量名称和一些评论。
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
List<int> input = new List<int>() { 3, 9, 8, 4, 5, 7, 10 };
int targetSum = 15;
SumUp(input, targetSum);
}
public static void SumUp(List<int> input, int targetSum)
{
SumUpRecursive(input, targetSum, new List<int>());
}
private static void SumUpRecursive(List<int> remaining, int targetSum, List<int> listToSum)
{
// Sum up partial
int sum = 0;
foreach (int x in listToSum)
sum += x;
//Check sum matched
if (sum == targetSum)
Console.WriteLine("sum(" + string.Join(",", listToSum.ToArray()) + ")=" + targetSum);
//Check sum passed
if (sum >= targetSum)
return;
//Iterate each input character
for (int i = 0; i < remaining.Count; i++)
{
//Build list of remaining items to iterate
List<int> newRemaining = new List<int>();
for (int j = i + 1; j < remaining.Count; j++)
newRemaining.Add(remaining[j]);
//Update partial list
List<int> newListToSum = new List<int>(listToSum);
int currentItem = remaining[i];
newListToSum.Add(currentItem);
SumUpRecursive(newRemaining, targetSum, newListToSum);
}
}'
Perl版本(前导答案):
use strict;
sub subset_sum {
my ($numbers, $target, $result, $sum) = @_;
print 'sum('.join(',', @$result).") = $target\n" if $sum == $target;
return if $sum >= $target;
subset_sum([@$numbers[$_ + 1 .. $#$numbers]], $target,
[@{$result||[]}, $numbers->[$_]], $sum + $numbers->[$_])
for (0 .. $#$numbers);
}
subset_sum([3,9,8,4,5,7,10,6], 15);
结果:
sum(3,8,4) = 15
sum(3,5,7) = 15
sum(9,6) = 15
sum(8,7) = 15
sum(4,5,6) = 15
sum(5,10) = 15
Javascript版本:
const subsetSum = (numbers, target, partial = []， sum = 0) => { If (sum < target) 数字。forEach((num, i) => subsetSum(数字。Slice (i + 1)， target, partial.concat([num])， sum + num)); Else if (sum == target) console.log(的总和(% s) = % s, partial.join(),目标); ｝ subsetSum([3、9、8、4、5、7、10、6],15);
Javascript一行实际返回结果(而不是打印它):
const subsetSum = (n, t, p = [], s = 0, r = []) = > (s < t ? n.forEach ((l i) = > subsetSum (n.slice (i + 1), t,[……p、l], s + l r)): s = = t ? r.push (p): 0, r); console.log (subsetSum([3、9、8、4、5、7、10、6],15));
我最喜欢的是带有回调的一行语句:
const subsetSum = (n, t,辛西娅·布雷齐尔,p =黑铝,s = 0) = > s & lt; t ? n.forEach ((l, i) = > subsetSum (n.slice (i + 1)、t、辛西娅·布雷齐尔,黑... p, l铝,s + l)): s = = t ?辛西娅·布雷齐尔(p): 0; 子集（[3,9,8,4,5,7,10,6]，15,console.log）；
我在做类似的scala作业。我想在这里发布我的解决方案:
def countChange(money: Int, coins: List[Int]): Int = {
def getCount(money: Int, remainingCoins: List[Int]): Int = {
if(money == 0 ) 1
else if(money < 0 || remainingCoins.isEmpty) 0
else
getCount(money, remainingCoins.tail) +
getCount(money - remainingCoins.head, remainingCoins)
}
if(money == 0 || coins.isEmpty) 0
else getCount(money, coins)
}
