我是c#中扩展方法的粉丝,但还没有成功地将扩展方法添加到静态类中,比如Console。

例如,如果我想添加一个名为“WriteBlueLine”的扩展到控制台,这样我就可以:

Console.WriteBlueLine("This text is blue");

我尝试通过添加一个本地的公共静态方法,并将Console作为“this”参数…但是不行!

public static class Helpers {
    public static void WriteBlueLine(this Console c, string text)
    {
        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue;
        Console.WriteLine(text);
        Console.ResetColor();
    }
}

这没有添加'WriteBlueLine'方法控制台…我做错了吗?或者要求不可能的事情?


当前回答

不幸的是,你不能扩展静态类

https://onecompiler.com/csharp/3xvbe7axg

using System;

namespace HelloWorld
{
  public static class console_extensions {
    public static void EXTENSION(this object item) {
      System.Console.WriteLine("HELLO THERE!");
    }
  }
  
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
            Console.EXTENSION();
            ((Console)null).EXTENSION();
            Console l = new Console();
            l.EXTENSION();
        }
    }
}

输出

Compilation failed: 4 error(s), 0 warnings

HelloWorld.cs(16,12): error CS0117: `System.Console' does not contain a definition for `EXTENSION'
/usr/lib/mono/4.5/mscorlib.dll (Location of the symbol related to previous error)
HelloWorld.cs(17,5): error CS0716: Cannot convert to static type `System.Console'
HelloWorld.cs(18,4): error CS0723: `l': cannot declare variables of static types
/usr/lib/mono/4.5/mscorlib.dll (Location of the symbol related to previous error)
HelloWorld.cs(18,16): error CS0712: Cannot create an instance of the static class `System.Console'
/usr/lib/mono/4.5/mscorlib.dll (Location of the symbol related to previous error)

但是你可以将null传递给扩展方法

using System;

namespace HelloWorld
{
  public static class static_extensions {
      public static void print(this object item, int data = 0) {
      Console.WriteLine("EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!");
      Console.WriteLine("EXT: MY ITEM IS: " + item);
      Console.WriteLine("EXT: MY DATA IS: " + data);
      string i;
      if (item == null) {
        i = "null";
      } else {
        i = item.GetType().Name;
      }
      Console.WriteLine("EXT: MY TYPE IS: " + i + "\n");
    }
  }

    public class Program
    {
    
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
          // an extension method can be
          //   called directly
          //  (null is an instance)
          static_extensions.print(null);

          // an extension method can also be
          //   called directly with arguments
          //  (null is an instance)
          static_extensions.print(null, 1);
          
          // an extension method can also be
          //   called as part of an instance
          int x = 0; // initialize int
          x.print();
          
          // an extension method can also be
          //   called as part of an instance
          //   and with data
          int x2 = 0; // initialize int
          x2.print(2);
          
          // an extension method can also be
          //   called directly from null
          //   since `null` is an instance
          ((string)null).print();
          
          // an extension method can also be
          //   called directly from null
          //   and with data
          //   since `null` is an instance
          ((string)null).print(4);
        }
    }
}

实例:https://onecompiler.com/csharp/3xvbc8s6w

输出:

EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS: 
EXT: MY DATA IS: 0
EXT: MY TYPE IS: null

EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS: 
EXT: MY DATA IS: 1
EXT: MY TYPE IS: null

EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS: 0
EXT: MY DATA IS: 0
EXT: MY TYPE IS: Int32

EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS: 0
EXT: MY DATA IS: 2
EXT: MY TYPE IS: Int32

EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS: 
EXT: MY DATA IS: 0
EXT: MY TYPE IS: null

EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS: 
EXT: MY DATA IS: 4
EXT: MY TYPE IS: null

其他回答

我试着用系统来做这件事。当时我正在学习扩展方法,但没有成功。正如其他人提到的,原因是扩展方法需要类的实例。

虽然Console的方法是静态的,但它的静态方法Write()和WriteLine()只是分别将调用重定向到Console. out .Write()和Console. out .WriteLine()。Out是一个实例,其类型派生自抽象类TextWriter。这使得为TextWriter定义扩展方法成为可能:

public static class ConsoleTextWriterExtensions
{
    public static void WriteBlueLine(this TextWriter writer, string text)
    {
        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue;
        writer.WriteLine(text);
        Console.ResetColor();
    }

    public static void WriteUppercase(this TextWriter writer, string text)
    {
        writer.Write(text.ToUpper());
    }
}

然后可以像这样调用该方法:

Console.Out.WriteBlueLine();

最好的部分是标准错误流实例Console的类型。错误也源于TextWriter,这使得相同的扩展方法也可用于控制台。错误:

Console.Error.WriteBlueLine();

如果您已经定义了像WriteTable()这样的扩展方法(用于将表写入控制台),那么这可能非常有用,因为您还可以将它用于错误流或TextWriter的任何其他对象。

新版本的c#甚至可以用using static语句来获得控制台的红色。前缀:

using static System.Console;

Out.WriteBlueLine("A blue line");
Error.WriteBlueLine("A blue line");

如果你愿意通过创建静态类的变量并将其赋值为null来“frig”它,你可以这样做。然而,这个方法对类的静态调用是不可用的,所以不确定它会有多少用处:

Console myConsole = null;
myConsole.WriteBlueLine("my blue line");

public static class Helpers {
    public static void WriteBlueLine(this Console c, string text)
    {
        Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue;
        Console.WriteLine(text);
        Console.ResetColor();
    }
}

是的,在有限的意义上。

public class DataSet : System.Data.DataSet
{
    public static void SpecialMethod() { }
}

这是可行的,但控制台不能,因为它是静态的。

public static class Console
{       
    public static void WriteLine(String x)
    { System.Console.WriteLine(x); }

    public static void WriteBlueLine(String x)
    {
        System.Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue;
        System.Console.Write(.x);           
    }
}

这是可行的,因为只要它不在同一个名称空间上。问题是您必须为System的每个方法编写一个代理静态方法。控制台。这并不一定是一件坏事,因为你可以添加这样的内容:

    public static void WriteLine(String x)
    { System.Console.WriteLine(x.Replace("Fck","****")); }

or

 public static void WriteLine(String x)
    {
        System.Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue;
        System.Console.WriteLine(x); 
    }

它的工作方式是你将一些东西钩到标准的WriteLine中。它可以是行数或坏词过滤器或其他什么。只要在命名空间中指定Console,就说WebProject1,然后导入命名空间System, WebProject1。控制台将被选择在系统之上。控制台作为命名空间WebProject1中的这些类的默认值。这段代码将会打开所有的控制台。如果你没有指定System.Console.WriteLine,则WriteLine调用为蓝色。

不。扩展方法定义需要所扩展类型的实例。这是不幸的;我不知道为什么需要……