我是c#中扩展方法的粉丝，但还没有成功地将扩展方法添加到静态类中，比如Console。
例如，如果我想添加一个名为“WriteBlueLine”的扩展到控制台，这样我就可以:
Console.WriteBlueLine("This text is blue");
我尝试通过添加一个本地的公共静态方法，并将Console作为“this”参数…但是不行!
public static class Helpers {
public static void WriteBlueLine(this Console c, string text)
{
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue;
Console.WriteLine(text);
Console.ResetColor();
}
}
这没有添加'WriteBlueLine'方法控制台…我做错了吗?或者要求不可能的事情?
当前回答
你能在c#中为类添加静态扩展吗?不，但你可以这样做:
public static class Extensions
{
public static T Create<T>(this T @this)
where T : class, new()
{
return Utility<T>.Create();
}
}
public static class Utility<T>
where T : class, new()
{
static Utility()
{
Create = Expression.Lambda<Func<T>>(Expression.New(typeof(T).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes))).Compile();
}
public static Func<T> Create { get; private set; }
}
下面是它的工作原理。虽然在技术上不能编写静态扩展方法，但这段代码利用了扩展方法中的漏洞。这个漏洞是你可以在空对象上调用扩展方法而不会得到空异常(除非你通过@this访问任何东西)。
下面是你如何使用这个短语:
var ds1 = (null as DataSet).Create(); // as oppose to DataSet.Create()
// or
DataSet ds2 = null;
ds2 = ds2.Create();
// using some of the techniques above you could have this:
(null as Console).WriteBlueLine(...); // as oppose to Console.WriteBlueLine(...)
现在为什么我选择调用默认构造函数作为一个例子，为什么我不只是返回新的T()在第一个代码片段而不做所有的表达式垃圾? 今天是你的幸运日，因为你有一个2。任何高级的。net开发人员都知道，new T()很慢，因为它生成了对System的调用。激活器，它在调用默认构造函数之前使用反射获取默认构造函数。该死的微软! 然而，我的代码直接调用对象的默认构造函数。
静态扩展将比这更好，但紧急时刻需要紧急措施。
其他回答
虽然Console的方法是静态的，但它的静态方法Write()和WriteLine()只是分别将调用重定向到Console. out .Write()和Console. out .WriteLine()。Out是一个实例，其类型派生自抽象类TextWriter。这使得为TextWriter定义扩展方法成为可能:
public static class ConsoleTextWriterExtensions
{
public static void WriteBlueLine(this TextWriter writer, string text)
{
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Blue;
writer.WriteLine(text);
Console.ResetColor();
}
public static void WriteUppercase(this TextWriter writer, string text)
{
writer.Write(text.ToUpper());
}
}
然后可以像这样调用该方法:
Console.Out.WriteBlueLine();
最好的部分是标准错误流实例Console的类型。错误也源于TextWriter，这使得相同的扩展方法也可用于控制台。错误:
Console.Error.WriteBlueLine();
如果您已经定义了像WriteTable()这样的扩展方法(用于将表写入控制台)，那么这可能非常有用，因为您还可以将它用于错误流或TextWriter的任何其他对象。
新版本的c#甚至可以用using static语句来获得控制台的红色。前缀:
using static System.Console;
Out.WriteBlueLine("A blue line");
Error.WriteBlueLine("A blue line");
不幸的是，你不能扩展静态类
https://onecompiler.com/csharp/3xvbe7axg
using System;
namespace HelloWorld
{
public static class console_extensions {
public static void EXTENSION(this object item) {
System.Console.WriteLine("HELLO THERE!");
}
}
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
Console.EXTENSION();
((Console)null).EXTENSION();
Console l = new Console();
l.EXTENSION();
}
}
}
输出
Compilation failed: 4 error(s), 0 warnings
HelloWorld.cs(16,12): error CS0117: `System.Console' does not contain a definition for `EXTENSION'
/usr/lib/mono/4.5/mscorlib.dll (Location of the symbol related to previous error)
HelloWorld.cs(17,5): error CS0716: Cannot convert to static type `System.Console'
HelloWorld.cs(18,4): error CS0723: `l': cannot declare variables of static types
/usr/lib/mono/4.5/mscorlib.dll (Location of the symbol related to previous error)
HelloWorld.cs(18,16): error CS0712: Cannot create an instance of the static class `System.Console'
/usr/lib/mono/4.5/mscorlib.dll (Location of the symbol related to previous error)
但是你可以将null传递给扩展方法
using System;
namespace HelloWorld
{
public static class static_extensions {
public static void print(this object item, int data = 0) {
Console.WriteLine("EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!");
Console.WriteLine("EXT: MY ITEM IS: " + item);
Console.WriteLine("EXT: MY DATA IS: " + data);
string i;
if (item == null) {
i = "null";
} else {
i = item.GetType().Name;
}
Console.WriteLine("EXT: MY TYPE IS: " + i + "\n");
}
}
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
// an extension method can be
// called directly
// (null is an instance)
static_extensions.print(null);
// an extension method can also be
// called directly with arguments
// (null is an instance)
static_extensions.print(null, 1);
// an extension method can also be
// called as part of an instance
int x = 0; // initialize int
x.print();
// an extension method can also be
// called as part of an instance
// and with data
int x2 = 0; // initialize int
x2.print(2);
// an extension method can also be
// called directly from null
// since `null` is an instance
((string)null).print();
// an extension method can also be
// called directly from null
// and with data
// since `null` is an instance
((string)null).print(4);
}
}
}
实例:https://onecompiler.com/csharp/3xvbc8s6w
输出:
EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS:
EXT: MY DATA IS: 0
EXT: MY TYPE IS: null
EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS:
EXT: MY DATA IS: 1
EXT: MY TYPE IS: null
EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS: 0
EXT: MY DATA IS: 0
EXT: MY TYPE IS: Int32
EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS: 0
EXT: MY DATA IS: 2
EXT: MY TYPE IS: Int32
EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS:
EXT: MY DATA IS: 0
EXT: MY TYPE IS: null
EXT: I AM A STATIC EXTENSION!
EXT: MY ITEM IS:
EXT: MY DATA IS: 4
EXT: MY TYPE IS: null
您可以使用null类型转换使其工作。
public static class YoutTypeExtensionExample
{
public static void Example()
{
((YourType)null).ExtensionMethod();
}
}
扩展:
public static class YourTypeExtension
{
public static void ExtensionMethod(this YourType x) { }
}
YourType:
public class YourType { }
也许你可以用你的自定义命名空间和相同的类名添加一个静态类:
using CLRConsole = System.Console;
namespace ExtensionMethodsDemo
{
public static class Console
{
public static void WriteLine(string value)
{
CLRConsole.WriteLine(value);
}
public static void WriteBlueLine(string value)
{
System.ConsoleColor currentColor = CLRConsole.ForegroundColor;
CLRConsole.ForegroundColor = System.ConsoleColor.Blue;
CLRConsole.WriteLine(value);
CLRConsole.ForegroundColor = currentColor;
}
public static System.ConsoleKeyInfo ReadKey(bool intercept)
{
return CLRConsole.ReadKey(intercept);
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
Console.WriteBlueLine("This text is blue");
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
Console.WriteLine(ex.StackTrace);
}
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue...");
Console.ReadKey(true);
}
}
}
不。扩展方法定义需要所扩展类型的实例。这是不幸的;我不知道为什么需要……
