我总是搞砸如何正确使用const int*、const int*const和int const*。有没有一套规则来定义你能做什么和不能做什么？
我想知道在赋值、传递给函数等方面的所有注意事项。
当前回答
为了C遵循其他解释的完整性，对C++不确定。
pp-指针到指针p-指针数据-在示例x中指出的内容粗体-只读变量
指针
p数据-int*p；p数据-int常量*p；p数据-int*const p；p数据-int const*const p；
指向指针的指针
pp p数据-int**pp；pp p数据-int**const pp；pp p数据-int*const*pp；pp p数据-int常量**pp；pp p数据-int*const*const pp；pp p数据-int const**const pp；pp p数据-int const*const*pp；pp p数据-int常量*常量*常量pp；
// Example 1
int x;
x = 10;
int *p = NULL;
p = &x;
int **pp = NULL;
pp = &p;
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 2
int x;
x = 10;
int *p = NULL;
p = &x;
int ** const pp = &p; // Definition must happen during declaration
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 3
int x;
x = 10;
int * const p = &x; // Definition must happen during declaration
int * const *pp = NULL;
pp = &p;
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 4
int const x = 10; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * p = NULL;
p = &x;
int const **pp = NULL;
pp = &p;
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 5
int x;
x = 10;
int * const p = &x; // Definition must happen during declaration
int * const * const pp = &p; // Definition must happen during declaration
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 6
int const x = 10; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const *p = NULL;
p = &x;
int const ** const pp = &p; // Definition must happen during declaration
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 7
int const x = 10; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * const p = &x; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * const *pp = NULL;
pp = &p;
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 8
int const x = 10; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * const p = &x; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * const * const pp = &p; // Definition must happen during declaration
printf("%d\n", **pp);
N级取消引用
继续前进，但愿人类将你逐出教会。
int x = 10;
int *p = &x;
int **pp = &p;
int ***ppp = &pp;
int ****pppp = &ppp;
printf("%d \n", ****pppp);
其他回答
对于那些不了解顺时针/螺旋规律的人：从变量的名称开始，顺时针移动（在这种情况下，向后移动）到下一个指针或类型。重复此操作，直到表达式结束。
下面是一个演示：
为了C遵循其他解释的完整性，对C++不确定。
pp-指针到指针p-指针数据-在示例x中指出的内容粗体-只读变量
指针
p数据-int*p；p数据-int常量*p；p数据-int*const p；p数据-int const*const p；
指向指针的指针
pp p数据-int**pp；pp p数据-int**const pp；pp p数据-int*const*pp；pp p数据-int常量**pp；pp p数据-int*const*const pp；pp p数据-int const**const pp；pp p数据-int const*const*pp；pp p数据-int常量*常量*常量pp；
// Example 1
int x;
x = 10;
int *p = NULL;
p = &x;
int **pp = NULL;
pp = &p;
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 2
int x;
x = 10;
int *p = NULL;
p = &x;
int ** const pp = &p; // Definition must happen during declaration
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 3
int x;
x = 10;
int * const p = &x; // Definition must happen during declaration
int * const *pp = NULL;
pp = &p;
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 4
int const x = 10; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * p = NULL;
p = &x;
int const **pp = NULL;
pp = &p;
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 5
int x;
x = 10;
int * const p = &x; // Definition must happen during declaration
int * const * const pp = &p; // Definition must happen during declaration
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 6
int const x = 10; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const *p = NULL;
p = &x;
int const ** const pp = &p; // Definition must happen during declaration
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 7
int const x = 10; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * const p = &x; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * const *pp = NULL;
pp = &p;
printf("%d\n", **pp);
// Example 8
int const x = 10; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * const p = &x; // Definition must happen during declaration
int const * const * const pp = &p; // Definition must happen during declaration
printf("%d\n", **pp);
N级取消引用
继续前进，但愿人类将你逐出教会。
int x = 10;
int *p = &x;
int **pp = &p;
int ***ppp = &pp;
int ****pppp = &ppp;
printf("%d \n", ****pppp);
我想这里已经回答了所有问题，但我只想补充一点，你应该小心typedefs！它们不仅仅是文本替换。
例如：
typedef char *ASTRING;
const ASTRING astring;
跨接的类型是char*const，而不是const char*。这是我总是倾向于将常量放在类型的右边，而从不放在开头的原因之一。
如果const在*的左边，它指的是值（不管它是const int还是int const）如果const位于*的右侧，则它引用指针本身可以同时使用
重要的一点是：constint*p并不意味着你所指的值是常量！！。这意味着您不能通过该指针更改它（意味着您不能分配$*p=…`）。值本身可能会以其他方式更改。如
int x = 5;
const int *p = &x;
x = 6; //legal
printf("%d", *p) // prints 6
*p = 7; //error
这主要用于函数签名，以确保函数不会意外更改传递的参数。
对我来说，常量的位置，即它相对于*是出现在左侧还是右侧，还是同时出现在左侧和右侧，有助于我理解实际含义。
*左边的常量表示指针指向的对象是常量对象。*右边的常量表示指针是常量指针。
下表摘自斯坦福CS106L标准C++编程实验室课程阅读器。
