如何将SQLAlchemy行对象转换为Python字典?

是否有一种简单的方法来遍历列名和值对?

我的SQLAlchemy版本是0.5.6

下面是我尝试使用dict(row)的示例代码:

import sqlalchemy
from sqlalchemy import *
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

print "sqlalchemy version:",sqlalchemy.__version__ 

engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False)
metadata = MetaData()
users_table = Table('users', metadata,
     Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
     Column('name', String),
)
metadata.create_all(engine) 

class User(declarative_base()):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String)
    
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()

user1 = User("anurag")
session.add(user1)
session.commit()

# uncommenting next line throws exception 'TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable'
#print dict(user1)
# this one also throws 'TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable'
for u in session.query(User).all():
    print dict(u)

在我的系统输出上运行这段代码:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "untitled-1.py", line 37, in <module>
    print dict(u)
TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable

当前回答

使用sqlalchemy 1.4

session.execute(select(User.id, User.username)).mappings().all()
>> [{'id': 1, 'username': 'Bob'}, {'id': 2, 'username': 'Alice'}]

2021-12-10 22:54:00

其他回答

@zzzeek在评论中写道:

注意，这是现代版本的正确答案 SQLAlchemy，假设“row”是核心行对象，而不是orm映射对象实例。

for row in resultproxy:
    row_as_dict = row._mapping  # SQLAlchemy 1.4 and greater
    # row_as_dict = dict(row)  # SQLAlchemy 1.3 and earlier

行背景。_mapping, SQLAlchemy 1.4新增:https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/stable/core/connections.html#sqlalchemy.engine.Row._mapping

2009-12-24 12:45:04

我不能得到一个好的答案，所以我用这个:

def row2dict(row):
    d = {}
    for column in row.__table__.columns:
        d[column.name] = str(getattr(row, column.name))

    return d

编辑:如果上面的函数太长，不适合某些口味，这里是一个一行(python 2.7+)

row2dict = lambda r: {c.name: str(getattr(r, c.name)) for c in r.__table__.columns}

2009-12-25 05:20:20

from copy import copy

def to_record(row):
    record = copy(row.__dict__)
    del record["_sa_instance_state"]
    return record

如果不使用复制，可能会遇到错误。

2021-08-13 16:14:40

如果你的模型表列不需要mysql列。

例如:

class People:
    id: int = Column(name='id', type_=Integer, primary_key=True)
    createdTime: datetime = Column(name='create_time', type_=TIMESTAMP,
                               nullable=False,
                               server_default=text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"),
                               default=func.now())
    modifiedTime: datetime = Column(name='modify_time', type_=TIMESTAMP,
                                server_default=text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"),
                                default=func.now())

需要使用:

 from sqlalchemy.orm import class_mapper 
 def asDict(self):
        return {x.key: getattr(self, x.key, None) for x in
            class_mapper(Application).iterate_properties}

如果你使用这种方式，你可以得到modify_time和create_time都是None

{'id': 1, 'create_time': None, 'modify_time': None}


    def to_dict(self):
        return {c.name: getattr(self, c.name, None)
         for c in self.__table__.columns}

因为类属性名称不等于列存储在mysql

2018-06-27 09:34:00

为了完成@Anurag Uniyal的回答，这里有一个递归地遵循关系的方法:

from sqlalchemy.inspection import inspect

def to_dict(obj, with_relationships=True):
    d = {}
    for column in obj.__table__.columns:
        if with_relationships and len(column.foreign_keys) > 0:
             # Skip foreign keys
            continue
        d[column.name] = getattr(obj, column.name)

    if with_relationships:
        for relationship in inspect(type(obj)).relationships:
            val = getattr(obj, relationship.key)
            d[relationship.key] = to_dict(val) if val else None
    return d

class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    first_name = Column(TEXT)
    address_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('addresses.id')
    address = relationship('Address')

class Address(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'addresses'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    city = Column(TEXT)


user = User(first_name='Nathan', address=Address(city='Lyon'))
# Add and commit user to session to create ids

to_dict(user)
# {'id': 1, 'first_name': 'Nathan', 'address': {'city': 'Lyon'}}
to_dict(user, with_relationship=False)
# {'id': 1, 'first_name': 'Nathan', 'address_id': 1}

2019-05-23 10:45:21

如何将SQLAlchemy行对象转换为Python字典?

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