是否有一种简单的方法来遍历列名和值对?

我的SQLAlchemy版本是0.5.6

下面是我尝试使用dict(row)的示例代码:

import sqlalchemy
from sqlalchemy import *
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

print "sqlalchemy version:",sqlalchemy.__version__ 

engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False)
metadata = MetaData()
users_table = Table('users', metadata,
     Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
     Column('name', String),
)
metadata.create_all(engine) 

class User(declarative_base()):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String)
    
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()

user1 = User("anurag")
session.add(user1)
session.commit()

# uncommenting next line throws exception 'TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable'
#print dict(user1)
# this one also throws 'TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable'
for u in session.query(User).all():
    print dict(u)

在我的系统输出上运行这段代码:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "untitled-1.py", line 37, in <module>
    print dict(u)
TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable

当前回答

正在迭代的表达式求值为模型对象列表,而不是行。下面是正确的用法:

for u in session.query(User).all():
    print u.id, u.name

你真的需要把它们转换成字典吗?当然,有很多方法,但是你不需要SQLAlchemy的ORM部分:

result = session.execute(User.__table__.select())
for row in result:
    print dict(row)

更新:看一下sqlalchemy.orm.attributes模块。它有一组处理对象状态的函数,这可能对您很有用,特别是instance_dict()。

其他回答

@zzzeek在评论中写道:

注意,这是现代版本的正确答案 SQLAlchemy,假设“row”是核心行对象,而不是orm映射对象 实例。

for row in resultproxy:
    row_as_dict = row._mapping  # SQLAlchemy 1.4 and greater
    # row_as_dict = dict(row)  # SQLAlchemy 1.3 and earlier

行背景。_mapping, SQLAlchemy 1.4新增:https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/stable/core/connections.html#sqlalchemy.engine.Row._mapping

为了完成@Anurag Uniyal的回答,这里有一个递归地遵循关系的方法:

from sqlalchemy.inspection import inspect

def to_dict(obj, with_relationships=True):
    d = {}
    for column in obj.__table__.columns:
        if with_relationships and len(column.foreign_keys) > 0:
             # Skip foreign keys
            continue
        d[column.name] = getattr(obj, column.name)

    if with_relationships:
        for relationship in inspect(type(obj)).relationships:
            val = getattr(obj, relationship.key)
            d[relationship.key] = to_dict(val) if val else None
    return d

class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    first_name = Column(TEXT)
    address_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('addresses.id')
    address = relationship('Address')

class Address(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'addresses'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    city = Column(TEXT)


user = User(first_name='Nathan', address=Address(city='Lyon'))
# Add and commit user to session to create ids

to_dict(user)
# {'id': 1, 'first_name': 'Nathan', 'address': {'city': 'Lyon'}}
to_dict(user, with_relationship=False)
# {'id': 1, 'first_name': 'Nathan', 'address_id': 1}

我们可以在dict中得到一个对象列表:

def queryset_to_dict(query_result):
   query_columns = query_result[0].keys()
   res = [list(ele) for ele in query_result]
   dict_list = [dict(zip(query_columns, l)) for l in res]
   return dict_list

query_result = db.session.query(LanguageMaster).all()
dictvalue=queryset_to_dict(query_result)

在@balki回答之后,从SQLAlchemy 0.8开始,您可以使用_asdict(),可用于KeyedTuple对象。这为最初的问题提供了一个非常直接的答案。只是,在你的例子中改变最后两行(for循环):

for u in session.query(User).all():
   print u._asdict()

这是因为在上面的代码中u是类型类KeyedTuple的对象,因为.all()返回KeyedTuple的列表。因此,它有_asdict()方法,该方法很好地将u作为字典返回。

WRT @STB: AFAIK的答案,任何。all()返回的是一个KeypedTuple的列表。因此,无论是否指定列,只要处理的是应用于Query对象的.all()的结果,上述方法都是有效的。

返回this:class:的内容。KeyedTuple作为字典

In [46]: result = aggregate_events[0]

In [47]: type(result)
Out[47]: sqlalchemy.util._collections.result

In [48]: def to_dict(query_result=None):
    ...:     cover_dict = {key: getattr(query_result, key) for key in query_result.keys()}
    ...:     return cover_dict
    ...: 
    ...:     

In [49]: to_dict(result)
Out[49]: 
{'calculate_avg': None,
 'calculate_max': None,
 'calculate_min': None,
 'calculate_sum': None,
 'dataPointIntID': 6,
 'data_avg': 10.0,
 'data_max': 10.0,
 'data_min': 10.0,
 'data_sum': 60.0,
 'deviceID': u'asas',
 'productID': u'U7qUDa',
 'tenantID': u'CvdQcYzUM'}