我强烈反对404，而支持204或200的空数据。或者至少应该使用带有404的响应实体。

请求被接收并被正确处理——它确实触发了服务器上的应用程序代码，客户机可能没有犯任何错误，因此整个客户机错误代码(4xx)类可能不合适。

更重要的是，404的发生有很多技术原因。例如，应用程序在服务器上被暂时停用或卸载，代理连接问题等等。

当然，这种情况下存在5xx错误类，但实际上，受影响的中间件组件通常无法知道错误在它们这一边，然后只是假设错误在客户端，然后响应404而不是500/503。

因此，仅根据状态代码，客户端无法区分404(表示“您正在寻找的东西不存在”)和404(表示“有严重错误，请将此错误报告给运维团队”)。

This can be fatal: Imagine an accounting service in your company that lists all the employees that are due to an annual bonus. Unfortunately, the one time when it is called it returns a 404. Does that mean that no-one is due for a bonus, or that the application is currently down for a new deployment and the 404 is actually coming from the tomcat that it's supposed to be installed into, instead of from the application itself? These two scenarios yield the same status code, but they are fundamentally different in their meaning.

对于需要知道所请求的资源不存在而不是暂时不可访问的应用程序来说，没有响应实体的404几乎是行不通的。

此外，许多客户端框架通过抛出异常来响应404，而不询问进一步的问题。这迫使客户端开发人员捕获异常，对其进行评估，然后基于此决定是否将其记录为由监视组件捕获的错误，或者是否忽略它。这对我来说也不太好。

The advantage of 404 over 204 is that it can return a response entity that may contain some information about why the requested resource was not found. But if that really is relevant, then one may also consider using a 200 OK response and design the system in a way that allows for error responses in the payload data. Alternatively, one could use the payload of the 404 response to return structured information to the caller. If he receives e.g. a html page instead of XML or JSON that he can parse, then that is a good indicator that something technical went wrong instead of a "no result" reply that may be valid from the caller's point of view. Or one could use a HTTP response header for that.

尽管如此，我还是更喜欢204或200的空白回复。这样，请求的技术执行状态就与请求的逻辑结果分开了。2xx的意思是“技术执行ok，这就是结果，处理它”。

我认为在大多数情况下，应该让客户来决定一个空的结果是否可以接受。通过返回404而不返回响应实体(尽管技术执行正确)，客户端可能决定将根本不是错误的情况视为错误。

Another perspective: From an operations point of view a 404 may be problematic. Since it can indicate a connectivity/middleware problem rather than a valid service response, i would not want a fluctuating number of "valid" 404s in my metrics/dashboards that might conceal genuine technical issues (e.g. a misconfigured proxy somewhere in the request routing) that should be investigated and fixed. This is further excarbated by some APIs even using 404 instead of 401/403 (e.g. gitlab does such a thing), to conceal the information that the request URI would have been valid but the request lacked authorization to access it. In this case too a 404 should be treated as a technical error and not as a valid "resource not found" result.

Edit: Wow, this has caused a lot of controversy. Here is another argument against 404: Strictly from a HTTP spec (RFC7231) point of view, 404 does not even mean that a resource does not exist. It only means that the server has no current representation of the requested resource available, and this even may be only temporary. So strictly by HTTP spec, 404 is inherently unreliable regarding the nonexistence of a requested thing. If you want to communicate that the requested thing positively does not exist, do not use 404.

TL; diana:

如果在/users/9上没有找到用户，则应该返回404。 如果在/users中没有找到用户?如果Id =9，则应该返回204。

长版:

在回顾了我自己对这些状态代码的使用和本文中的示例之后，我不得不说，如果在/users/9的url上没有找到用户#9,404是适当的响应。

今天在我的系统中，我们的Application Insights日志中充满了数百条记录的404错误，这使我们的日志变得混乱，因为我们决定在/users/9没有相关数据时返回404错误。然而，这并不意味着我们在设置响应时的方法是不正确的，相反，我认为这意味着我们在设置路由时的方法是不正确的。

如果您希望端点获得大量流量，并且担心记录太多404错误，那么您应该更改路由以符合您想要的状态码，而不是强制使用不适当的状态码。

我们已经决定对我们的代码做2个更改:

通过expect /users改变我们的工作路线?id = 9 将我们的错误代码更改为204，这样404就不会填满我们的AI日志。

最后，API的架构师需要了解他们的API将如何被使用，以及哪种路由将适合于该用例。

我相信在/users/9的情况下，您请求的资源是用户本身，用户#9;您要求服务器响应一个标识为“9”的对象，该对象恰好存在于包含单词“user”的路径中。如果没有找到该对象，则应该得到404。

但是，如果调用/users?id=9，我觉得你所请求的资源是用户控制器，同时也提供了更多的专一性，这样它就不会返回所有用户的完整列表。您要求服务器响应一个可以通过查询字符串中定义的ID号识别的特定用户。因此，如果没有找到数据，204对我来说是有意义的，因为即使没有找到数据，控制器也是。

查询字符串方法还完成了一些我认为不仅有助于API开发人员，而且有助于客户端开发人员(特别是初级开发人员或继承这段代码或调用它的代码的未来开发人员):

It becomes immediately clear to anyone involved that 9 is an ID, not some arbitrary number. This point may seem moot in such a basic example, but consider a system that uses GUIDs as row ID's or allows you to get data by a person's name, or even a system that is returning info for specific ZIP/postal codes instead of row ID's. It would be useful for all developers involved if, at a glance, they knew whether that identifying parameter was a first, last, full name, or a ZIP/postal code instead of an ID.

在以前的项目中，我使用了404。如果没有用户9，则没有找到对象。因此404 Not Found是合适的。

如果对象存在，但没有数据，则为204 no Content。我认为在你的例子中，这个物体并不存在。

看完疑问后，为什么不应该使用404 ?

根据RFC 7231，正确的状态码是204

在上面的回答中，我注意到一个小错误:

1.—资源为:/users

2.- /users/8不是资源，而是:路由参数为8的资源/users，消费者可能注意不到，也不知道区别，但是发布者知道，而且必须知道!所以他必须为消费者返回一个准确的响应。时期。

so:

基于RFC: 404是不正确的，因为找到了资源/用户，但是使用参数8执行的逻辑没有找到任何内容作为响应返回，因此正确的答案是:204

这里的要点是:404甚至没有找到处理内部逻辑的资源

204是a:我找到了资源，逻辑被执行了，但我没有发现任何数据使用你在路由参数中给出的标准，所以我不能返回任何东西给你。对不起，核实你的标准后再打电话给我。

200:好吧，我找到了资源，逻辑被执行(即使当我不被迫返回任何东西)采取这一点，并在你的意愿使用它。

205:(GET响应的最佳选项)我找到了资源，逻辑被执行了，我有一些内容给你，好好使用它，哦，顺便说一下，如果你要在视图中共享这个，请刷新视图以显示它。

希望能有所帮助。

Just an addition from a developer that struggled many times with this situation. As you might have noticed it is always a discussion whether you return a 404 or 200 or 204 when a particular resource does not exist. The discussion above shows that this topic is pretty confusing and opinion based ( while there is a http-status-code standard existing ). I personally recommend, as it was not mentioned yet I guess, no matter how you decide DOCUMENT IT IN YOUR API-DEFINITION. Of course a client-side developer has in mind when he/she uses your particular "REST"- api to use his/her knowledge about Rest and expects that your api works this way. I guess you see the trap. Therefor I use a readme where I explicitly define in which cases I use which status code. This doesn't mean that I use some random definion. I always try to use the standard but to avoid such cases I document my usage. The client might think you are wrong in some specific cases but as it is documented, there is no need for additional discussions what saves time for you and the developer.

One sentence to the Ops question: 404 is a code that always comes in my mind when I think back about starting to develop backend-applications and I configured something wrong in my controller-route so that my Controller method is not called. With that in mind, I think if the request does reach your code in a Controller method, the client did a valid request and the request endpoint was found. So this is an indication not to use 404. If the db query returns not found, I return 200 but with an empty body.

使用公共枚举对响应内容进行编码，以允许客户端打开它并相应地派生逻辑。我不知道你的客户如何区分“数据未找到”404和“网络资源未找到”404之间的区别?您不希望有人浏览到userZ/9，并让客户端怀疑请求是否有效，但没有返回数据。