现有的答案没有详细说明使用路径参数还是查询参数是有区别的。

In case of path parameters, the parameter is part of the resource path. In case of /users/9, the response should be 404 because that resource was not found. /users/9 is the resource, and the result is unary, or an error, it doesn't exist. This is not a monad. In case of query parameters, the parameter is not part of the resource path. In case of /users?id=9, the response should be 204 because the resource /users was found but it could not return any data. The resource /users exists and the result is n-ary, it exists even if it is empty. If id is unique, this is a monad.

使用路径参数还是查询参数取决于用例。我更喜欢将路径参数用于强制的、规范的或标识参数，将查询参数用于可选的、非规范的或属性参数(如分页、排序区域设置等)。在REST API中，我会使用/users/9而不是/users?Id =9，特别是因为可能嵌套获取“子记录”，如/users/9/ SSH -keys/0获取第一个公共SSH密钥或/users/9/address/2获取第三个邮政地址。

我更喜欢使用404。原因如下:

Calls for unary (1 result) and n-ary (n results) methods should not vary for no good reason. I like to have the same response codes if possible. The number of expected results is of course a difference, say, you expect the body to be an object (unary) or an array of objects (n-ary). For n-ary, I would return an array, and in case there are not results, I would not return no set (no document), I would return an empty set (empty document, like empty array in JSON or empty element in XML). That is, it's still 200 but with zero records. There's no reason to put this information on the wire other than in the body. 204 is like a void method. I would not use it for GET, only for POST, PUT, and DELETE. I make an exception in case of GET where the identifiers are query parameters not path parameters. Not finding the record is like NoSuchElementException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException or something like that, caused by the client using an id that doesn't exist, so, it's a client error. From a code perspective, getting 204 means an additional branch in the code that could be avoided. It complicates client code, and in some cases it also complicates server code (depending on whether you use entity/model monads or plain entities/models; and I strongly recommend staying away from entity/model monads, it can lead to nasty bugs where because of the monad you think an operation is successful and return 200 or 204 when you should actually have returned something else). Client code is easier to write and understand if 2xx means the server did what the client requested, and 4xx means the server didn't do what the client requested and it's the client's fault. Not giving the client the record that the client requested by id is the client's fault, because the client requested an id that doesn't exist.

最后一点:一致性

GET /用户/ 9 PUT /users/9和DELETE /users/9

PUT /users/9和DELETE /users/9已经必须在成功更新或删除的情况下返回204。如果用户9不存在，它们应该返回什么?根据所使用的HTTP方法将相同的情况显示为不同的状态代码是没有意义的。

Besides, not a normative, but a cultural reason: If 204 is used for GET /users/9 next thing that will happen in the project is that somebody thinks returning 204 is good for n-ary methods. And that complicates client code, because instead of just checking for 2xx and then decoding the body, the client now has to specifically check for 204 and in that case skip decoding the body. Bud what does the client do instead? Create an empty array? Why not have that on the wire, then? If the client creates the empty array, 204 is a form of stupid compression. If the client uses null instead, a whole different can of worms is opened.

根据微软:控制器动作返回类型在ASP。NET Core web API，向下滚动几乎到底部，你会发现下面关于404的简介，与数据库中没有的对象有关。在这里，他们建议404适用于空数据。

根据w3的帖子，

200好了

请求成功。随响应返回的信息取决于请求中使用的方法

202年接受

请求已接受处理，但处理尚未完成。

204无内容

服务器已经完成了请求，但不需要返回实体主体，并且可能希望返回更新后的元信息。

400错误请求

由于语法错误，服务器无法理解请求。客户不应该在没有修改的情况下重复请求

401年未经授权

请求需要用户身份验证。响应必须包含一个WWW-Authenticate报头字段

404未找到

服务器没有发现任何与Request-URI匹配的内容。没有说明这种情况是暂时的还是永久的

这个话题中的答案(在撰写本文时已经有26个)完美地说明了开发人员理解他们正在使用的构造的语义是多么重要。

如果不理解这一点，那么响应状态代码是响应的属性而不是其他属性就不明显了。这些代码存在于响应的上下文中，它们在此上下文中之外的含义是未定义的。

响应本身就是请求的结果。请求对资源进行操作。资源、请求、响应和状态代码是HTTP的结构，就HTTP而言:

HTTP提供了与资源(第2节)交互的统一接口，无论其类型、性质或实现如何，通过操作和传输表示(第3节)。

换句话说，响应状态码的范围受到一个接口的限制，该接口只关心一些目标资源，并处理用于与这些资源交互的消息。服务器应用程序逻辑超出了范围，您使用的数据也不重要。

当使用HTTP时，它总是与资源一起使用。资源被以太转移或操纵。在任何情况下，除非我们在量子世界中，资源要么存在要么不存在，不存在第三种状态。

如果发出HTTP请求来获取(传输)资源的表示(如本问题中所示)，而资源不存在，则响应结果应该显示一个带有相应404代码的失败。目标-获取表示-没有达到，资源没有找到。在HTTP上下文中不应该有对结果的其他解释。

RFC 7231超文本传输协议(HTTP/1.1):语义和内容，在这里多次提到，但主要是作为状态码描述的参考。我强烈建议通读整个文档，而不仅仅是第6节，以便更好地理解HTTP接口及其组件的作用域和语义。

如果期望资源存在，但它可能是空的，我认为它可能更容易得到一个200 OK的表示，表明这个东西是空的。

因此，我宁愿让/things返回一个带有{"Items":[]}的200 OK，而不是一个没有任何内容的204，因为这样，一个包含0项的集合可以被视为一个包含一个或多个项目的集合。

我将把204 No Content留给put和delete，在这种情况下，可能真的没有有用的表示。

在/thing/9不存在的情况下，404是合适的。

起初，我认为204是有意义的，但经过讨论，我相信404是唯一真正正确的回答。考虑以下数据:

用户:约翰，彼得

METHOD  URL                      STATUS  RESPONSE
GET     /users                   200     [John, Peter]
GET     /users/john              200     John
GET     /unknown-url-egaer       404     Not Found
GET     /users/kyle              404     User Not found
GET     /users?name=kyle`        200     []
DELETE  /users/john              204     No Content

背景知识:

the search returns an array, it just didn't have any matches but it has content: an empty array. 404 is of course best known for url's that aren't supported by the requested server, but a missing resource is in fact the same. Even though /users/:name is matched with users/kyle, the user Kyle is not available resource so a 404 still applies. It isn't a search query, it is a direct reference by a dynamic url, so 404 it is. After suggestions in the comments, customizing the message of the 404 is another way of helping out the API consumer to even better distinguish between complete unknown routes and missing entities.

不管怎样，我的意见。