我不认为404是正确的回应。

如果使用404，如何知道是没有找到api，还是数据库中的记录没有找到?

从你的描述，我会使用200 OK，因为你的api执行所有逻辑没有任何问题。只是在数据库中找不到记录。所以，这不是API问题，也不是数据库问题，这是你的问题，你认为记录存在，但它不存在。因此，API执行成功，数据库查询执行成功，但没有发现任何返回。

因此，在这种情况下，我会用

200好了

使用空响应，如数组的[]或对象的{}。

现有的答案没有详细说明使用路径参数还是查询参数是有区别的。

In case of path parameters, the parameter is part of the resource path. In case of /users/9, the response should be 404 because that resource was not found. /users/9 is the resource, and the result is unary, or an error, it doesn't exist. This is not a monad. In case of query parameters, the parameter is not part of the resource path. In case of /users?id=9, the response should be 204 because the resource /users was found but it could not return any data. The resource /users exists and the result is n-ary, it exists even if it is empty. If id is unique, this is a monad.

使用路径参数还是查询参数取决于用例。我更喜欢将路径参数用于强制的、规范的或标识参数，将查询参数用于可选的、非规范的或属性参数(如分页、排序区域设置等)。在REST API中，我会使用/users/9而不是/users?Id =9，特别是因为可能嵌套获取“子记录”，如/users/9/ SSH -keys/0获取第一个公共SSH密钥或/users/9/address/2获取第三个邮政地址。

我更喜欢使用404。原因如下:

Calls for unary (1 result) and n-ary (n results) methods should not vary for no good reason. I like to have the same response codes if possible. The number of expected results is of course a difference, say, you expect the body to be an object (unary) or an array of objects (n-ary). For n-ary, I would return an array, and in case there are not results, I would not return no set (no document), I would return an empty set (empty document, like empty array in JSON or empty element in XML). That is, it's still 200 but with zero records. There's no reason to put this information on the wire other than in the body. 204 is like a void method. I would not use it for GET, only for POST, PUT, and DELETE. I make an exception in case of GET where the identifiers are query parameters not path parameters. Not finding the record is like NoSuchElementException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException or something like that, caused by the client using an id that doesn't exist, so, it's a client error. From a code perspective, getting 204 means an additional branch in the code that could be avoided. It complicates client code, and in some cases it also complicates server code (depending on whether you use entity/model monads or plain entities/models; and I strongly recommend staying away from entity/model monads, it can lead to nasty bugs where because of the monad you think an operation is successful and return 200 or 204 when you should actually have returned something else). Client code is easier to write and understand if 2xx means the server did what the client requested, and 4xx means the server didn't do what the client requested and it's the client's fault. Not giving the client the record that the client requested by id is the client's fault, because the client requested an id that doesn't exist.

最后一点:一致性

GET /用户/ 9 PUT /users/9和DELETE /users/9

PUT /users/9和DELETE /users/9已经必须在成功更新或删除的情况下返回204。如果用户9不存在，它们应该返回什么?根据所使用的HTTP方法将相同的情况显示为不同的状态代码是没有意义的。

Besides, not a normative, but a cultural reason: If 204 is used for GET /users/9 next thing that will happen in the project is that somebody thinks returning 204 is good for n-ary methods. And that complicates client code, because instead of just checking for 2xx and then decoding the body, the client now has to specifically check for 204 and in that case skip decoding the body. Bud what does the client do instead? Create an empty array? Why not have that on the wire, then? If the client creates the empty array, 204 is a form of stupid compression. If the client uses null instead, a whole different can of worms is opened.

如果期望资源存在，但它可能是空的，我认为它可能更容易得到一个200 OK的表示，表明这个东西是空的。

因此，我宁愿让/things返回一个带有{"Items":[]}的200 OK，而不是一个没有任何内容的204，因为这样，一个包含0项的集合可以被视为一个包含一个或多个项目的集合。

我将把204 No Content留给put和delete，在这种情况下，可能真的没有有用的表示。

在/thing/9不存在的情况下，404是合适的。

我得说，两者都不太合适。 正如@anneb所说的，我也认为部分问题来自于使用HTTP响应代码来传输与RESTful服务相关的状态。REST服务关于其自身处理的任何信息都应该通过特定于REST的代码来传输。

1

我认为，如果HTTP服务器发现任何服务已经准备好响应它发送的请求，它不应该响应HTTP 404——最后，服务器找到了一些东西——除非处理请求的服务明确地告诉它。

让我们暂时假设以下URL: http://example.com/service/return/test。

Case A is that the server is “simply looking for the file on the file system“. If it is not present, 404 is correct. The same is true, if it asks some kind of service to deliver exactly this file and that service tells it that nothing of that name exists. In case B, the server does not work with “real” files but actually the request is processed by some other service – e.g. some kind of templating system. Here, the server cannot make any claim about the existence of the resource as it knows nothing about it (unless told by the service handling it).

如果没有来自服务的任何响应显式地要求不同的行为，HTTP服务器只能说3件事:

503，如果处理请求的服务没有运行或响应; 否则，作为HTTP服务器实际上可以满足请求-不管服务稍后会说什么; 400或404表示没有这样的服务(相对于“存在但脱机”)，并且没有找到其他服务。

2

回到手头的问题:我认为最干净的方法是除了前面提到的以外，不使用任何HTTP响应代码。如果服务存在并响应，HTTP代码应该是200。 响应应该在一个单独的报头中包含服务返回的状态——在这里，服务可以说

REST:EMPTY，例如，如果它被要求搜索某物，而该研究返回为空; REST:NOT FOUND，如果它被特别地请求某事物，“ID-like”-是一个文件名或一个ID的资源或条目号24等-并且没有找到特定的资源(通常，一个特定的资源被请求但没有找到); REST:如果发送的请求的任何部分不被服务识别，则为无效。

(注意，我故意用“REST:”作为前缀，以标记这样一个事实，即虽然它们可能具有与HTTP响应代码相同的值或措辞，但它们是完全不同的东西)

3

让我们回到上面的URL并检查用例B，其中服务指示HTTP服务器它不处理这个请求本身，而是将它传递给服务。HTTP只提供SERVICE返回的内容，它不知道任何关于返回/测试部分的内容，因为这是由SERVICE处理的。如果该服务正在运行，HTTP应该返回200，因为它确实找到了处理请求的东西。

SERVICE返回的状态(如上所述，希望在单独的头文件中看到)取决于实际期望的操作:

if return/test asks for a specific resource: if it exists, return it with a status of REST:FOUND; if that resource does not exist, return REST:NOT FOUND; this could be extended to return REST:GONE if we know it once existed and will not return, and REST:MOVED if we know it has gone hollywood if return/test is considered a search or filter-like operation: if the result set is empty, return an empty set in the type requested and a status of REST:EMPTY; a set of results in the type requested and a status of REST:SUCCESS if return/test is not an operation recogized by SERVICE: return REST:ERROR if it is completely wrong (e.g. a typo like retrun/test), or REST:NOT IMPLEMENTED in case it is planned for later.

4

这种区别比把两种不同的东西混在一起要清楚得多。它还将使调试更容易，处理也只是稍微复杂一些。

如果返回一个HTTP 404，服务器会告诉我，“我不知道你在说什么”。虽然请求的REST部分可能完全没问题，但我在所有错误的地方都在寻找par'Mach。 另一方面，HTTP 200和REST:ERR告诉我，我得到了服务，但在对服务的请求中做了错误的事情。 从HTTP 200和REST:EMPTY，我知道我没有做错什么-正确的服务器，服务器找到了服务，正确的请求到服务-但搜索结果是空的。

总结

这个问题和讨论源于这样一个事实:HTTP响应码被用来表示由HTTP提供结果的服务的状态，或者用来表示不在HTTP服务器本身范围内的事物。 由于这种差异，这个问题无法回答，所有的意见都要经过大量的讨论。

由服务而不是HTTP服务器处理的请求的状态真的不应该(RFC 6919)由HTTP响应代码给出。HTTP代码应该(RFC 2119)只包含HTTP服务器从自己的作用域提供的信息:即，是否发现服务在处理请求。

相反，应该使用一种不同的方式将请求的状态告知使用者，以告知实际处理请求的服务。我的建议是通过一个特定的头文件来实现。理想情况下，报头的名称及其内容都遵循一种标准，使使用者可以很容易地处理这些响应。

Just an addition from a developer that struggled many times with this situation. As you might have noticed it is always a discussion whether you return a 404 or 200 or 204 when a particular resource does not exist. The discussion above shows that this topic is pretty confusing and opinion based ( while there is a http-status-code standard existing ). I personally recommend, as it was not mentioned yet I guess, no matter how you decide DOCUMENT IT IN YOUR API-DEFINITION. Of course a client-side developer has in mind when he/she uses your particular "REST"- api to use his/her knowledge about Rest and expects that your api works this way. I guess you see the trap. Therefor I use a readme where I explicitly define in which cases I use which status code. This doesn't mean that I use some random definion. I always try to use the standard but to avoid such cases I document my usage. The client might think you are wrong in some specific cases but as it is documented, there is no need for additional discussions what saves time for you and the developer.

One sentence to the Ops question: 404 is a code that always comes in my mind when I think back about starting to develop backend-applications and I configured something wrong in my controller-route so that my Controller method is not called. With that in mind, I think if the request does reach your code in a Controller method, the client did a valid request and the request endpoint was found. So this is an indication not to use 404. If the db query returns not found, I return 200 but with an empty body.

这个话题中的答案(在撰写本文时已经有26个)完美地说明了开发人员理解他们正在使用的构造的语义是多么重要。

如果不理解这一点，那么响应状态代码是响应的属性而不是其他属性就不明显了。这些代码存在于响应的上下文中，它们在此上下文中之外的含义是未定义的。

响应本身就是请求的结果。请求对资源进行操作。资源、请求、响应和状态代码是HTTP的结构，就HTTP而言:

HTTP提供了与资源(第2节)交互的统一接口，无论其类型、性质或实现如何，通过操作和传输表示(第3节)。

换句话说，响应状态码的范围受到一个接口的限制，该接口只关心一些目标资源，并处理用于与这些资源交互的消息。服务器应用程序逻辑超出了范围，您使用的数据也不重要。

当使用HTTP时，它总是与资源一起使用。资源被以太转移或操纵。在任何情况下，除非我们在量子世界中，资源要么存在要么不存在，不存在第三种状态。

如果发出HTTP请求来获取(传输)资源的表示(如本问题中所示)，而资源不存在，则响应结果应该显示一个带有相应404代码的失败。目标-获取表示-没有达到，资源没有找到。在HTTP上下文中不应该有对结果的其他解释。

RFC 7231超文本传输协议(HTTP/1.1):语义和内容，在这里多次提到，但主要是作为状态码描述的参考。我强烈建议通读整个文档，而不仅仅是第6节，以便更好地理解HTTP接口及其组件的作用域和语义。