我不认为404是正确的回应。

如果使用404，如何知道是没有找到api，还是数据库中的记录没有找到?

从你的描述，我会使用200 OK，因为你的api执行所有逻辑没有任何问题。只是在数据库中找不到记录。所以，这不是API问题，也不是数据库问题，这是你的问题，你认为记录存在，但它不存在。因此，API执行成功，数据库查询执行成功，但没有发现任何返回。

因此，在这种情况下，我会用

200好了

使用空响应，如数组的[]或对象的{}。

Just an addition from a developer that struggled many times with this situation. As you might have noticed it is always a discussion whether you return a 404 or 200 or 204 when a particular resource does not exist. The discussion above shows that this topic is pretty confusing and opinion based ( while there is a http-status-code standard existing ). I personally recommend, as it was not mentioned yet I guess, no matter how you decide DOCUMENT IT IN YOUR API-DEFINITION. Of course a client-side developer has in mind when he/she uses your particular "REST"- api to use his/her knowledge about Rest and expects that your api works this way. I guess you see the trap. Therefor I use a readme where I explicitly define in which cases I use which status code. This doesn't mean that I use some random definion. I always try to use the standard but to avoid such cases I document my usage. The client might think you are wrong in some specific cases but as it is documented, there is no need for additional discussions what saves time for you and the developer.

One sentence to the Ops question: 404 is a code that always comes in my mind when I think back about starting to develop backend-applications and I configured something wrong in my controller-route so that my Controller method is not called. With that in mind, I think if the request does reach your code in a Controller method, the client did a valid request and the request endpoint was found. So this is an indication not to use 404. If the db query returns not found, I return 200 but with an empty body.

根据RFC7231 -第59页(https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#page-59) 404状态码响应的定义是:

6.5.4. 404 Not Found The 404 (Not Found) status code indicates that the origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists. A 404 status code does not indicate whether this lack of representation is temporary or permanent; the 410 (Gone) status code is preferred over 404 if the origin server knows, presumably through some configurable means, that the condition is likely to be permanent. A 404 response is cacheable by default; i.e., unless otherwise indicated by the method definition or explicit cache controls (see Section 4.2.2 of [RFC7234]).

而引起质疑的主要是上述语境中对资源的定义。 根据同一个RFC(7231)， resource的定义是:

Resources: The target of an HTTP request is called a "resource". HTTP does not limit the nature of a resource; it merely defines an interface that might be used to interact with resources. Each resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), as described in Section 2.7 of [RFC7230]. When a client constructs an HTTP/1.1 request message, it sends the target URI in one of various forms, as defined in (Section 5.3 of [RFC7230]). When a request is received, the server reconstructs an effective request URI for the target resource (Section 5.5 of [RFC7230]). One design goal of HTTP is to separate resource identification from request semantics, which is made possible by vesting the request semantics in the request method (Section 4) and a few request-modifying header fields (Section 5). If there is a conflict between the method semantics and any semantic implied by the URI itself, as described in Section 4.2.1, the method semantics take precedence.

所以在我的理解中，404状态代码不应该用于成功的GET请求，结果为空。(例如:一个没有特定过滤器结果的列表)

在以前的项目中，我使用了404。如果没有用户9，则没有找到对象。因此404 Not Found是合适的。

如果对象存在，但没有数据，则为204 no Content。我认为在你的例子中，这个物体并不存在。

根据w3，我相信以下几点:

2xx:

这类状态代码表示成功接收、理解并接受了客户机的请求。

4xx:

4xx类状态代码用于客户端似乎出现错误的情况。

如果客户端请求/users，并且它有用户要列出，响应代码将是200 OK(客户端请求有效)。

如果客户端请求/users并且没有数据，响应代码仍然是200 OK。 被请求的实体/资源是一个用户列表，列表存在，只是其中没有任何用户(如果给出空响应，可以使用204 No Content，尽管我认为空列表[]会更好)。 客户端请求是有效的，资源也确实存在，因此4xx响应代码在这里没有意义。

另一方面，如果客户端请求/users/9，而该用户不存在，那么客户端就犯了一个错误，请求了一个不存在的资源，一个用户。在这种情况下，回答404 Not Found是有意义的。

TL; diana:

如果在/users/9上没有找到用户，则应该返回404。 如果在/users中没有找到用户?如果Id =9，则应该返回204。

长版:

在回顾了我自己对这些状态代码的使用和本文中的示例之后，我不得不说，如果在/users/9的url上没有找到用户#9,404是适当的响应。

今天在我的系统中，我们的Application Insights日志中充满了数百条记录的404错误，这使我们的日志变得混乱，因为我们决定在/users/9没有相关数据时返回404错误。然而，这并不意味着我们在设置响应时的方法是不正确的，相反，我认为这意味着我们在设置路由时的方法是不正确的。

如果您希望端点获得大量流量，并且担心记录太多404错误，那么您应该更改路由以符合您想要的状态码，而不是强制使用不适当的状态码。

我们已经决定对我们的代码做2个更改:

通过expect /users改变我们的工作路线?id = 9 将我们的错误代码更改为204，这样404就不会填满我们的AI日志。

最后，API的架构师需要了解他们的API将如何被使用，以及哪种路由将适合于该用例。

我相信在/users/9的情况下，您请求的资源是用户本身，用户#9;您要求服务器响应一个标识为“9”的对象，该对象恰好存在于包含单词“user”的路径中。如果没有找到该对象，则应该得到404。

但是，如果调用/users?id=9，我觉得你所请求的资源是用户控制器，同时也提供了更多的专一性，这样它就不会返回所有用户的完整列表。您要求服务器响应一个可以通过查询字符串中定义的ID号识别的特定用户。因此，如果没有找到数据，204对我来说是有意义的，因为即使没有找到数据，控制器也是。

查询字符串方法还完成了一些我认为不仅有助于API开发人员，而且有助于客户端开发人员(特别是初级开发人员或继承这段代码或调用它的代码的未来开发人员):

It becomes immediately clear to anyone involved that 9 is an ID, not some arbitrary number. This point may seem moot in such a basic example, but consider a system that uses GUIDs as row ID's or allows you to get data by a person's name, or even a system that is returning info for specific ZIP/postal codes instead of row ID's. It would be useful for all developers involved if, at a glance, they knew whether that identifying parameter was a first, last, full name, or a ZIP/postal code instead of an ID.