Just an addition from a developer that struggled many times with this situation. As you might have noticed it is always a discussion whether you return a 404 or 200 or 204 when a particular resource does not exist. The discussion above shows that this topic is pretty confusing and opinion based ( while there is a http-status-code standard existing ). I personally recommend, as it was not mentioned yet I guess, no matter how you decide DOCUMENT IT IN YOUR API-DEFINITION. Of course a client-side developer has in mind when he/she uses your particular "REST"- api to use his/her knowledge about Rest and expects that your api works this way. I guess you see the trap. Therefor I use a readme where I explicitly define in which cases I use which status code. This doesn't mean that I use some random definion. I always try to use the standard but to avoid such cases I document my usage. The client might think you are wrong in some specific cases but as it is documented, there is no need for additional discussions what saves time for you and the developer.

One sentence to the Ops question: 404 is a code that always comes in my mind when I think back about starting to develop backend-applications and I configured something wrong in my controller-route so that my Controller method is not called. With that in mind, I think if the request does reach your code in a Controller method, the client did a valid request and the request endpoint was found. So this is an indication not to use 404. If the db query returns not found, I return 200 but with an empty body.

根据RFC7231 -第59页(https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7231#page-59) 404状态码响应的定义是:

6.5.4. 404 Not Found The 404 (Not Found) status code indicates that the origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists. A 404 status code does not indicate whether this lack of representation is temporary or permanent; the 410 (Gone) status code is preferred over 404 if the origin server knows, presumably through some configurable means, that the condition is likely to be permanent. A 404 response is cacheable by default; i.e., unless otherwise indicated by the method definition or explicit cache controls (see Section 4.2.2 of [RFC7234]).

而引起质疑的主要是上述语境中对资源的定义。 根据同一个RFC(7231)， resource的定义是:

Resources: The target of an HTTP request is called a "resource". HTTP does not limit the nature of a resource; it merely defines an interface that might be used to interact with resources. Each resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), as described in Section 2.7 of [RFC7230]. When a client constructs an HTTP/1.1 request message, it sends the target URI in one of various forms, as defined in (Section 5.3 of [RFC7230]). When a request is received, the server reconstructs an effective request URI for the target resource (Section 5.5 of [RFC7230]). One design goal of HTTP is to separate resource identification from request semantics, which is made possible by vesting the request semantics in the request method (Section 4) and a few request-modifying header fields (Section 5). If there is a conflict between the method semantics and any semantic implied by the URI itself, as described in Section 4.2.1, the method semantics take precedence.

所以在我的理解中，404状态代码不应该用于成功的GET请求，结果为空。(例如:一个没有特定过滤器结果的列表)

根据w3，我相信以下几点:

2xx:

这类状态代码表示成功接收、理解并接受了客户机的请求。

4xx:

4xx类状态代码用于客户端似乎出现错误的情况。

如果客户端请求/users，并且它有用户要列出，响应代码将是200 OK(客户端请求有效)。

如果客户端请求/users并且没有数据，响应代码仍然是200 OK。 被请求的实体/资源是一个用户列表，列表存在，只是其中没有任何用户(如果给出空响应，可以使用204 No Content，尽管我认为空列表[]会更好)。 客户端请求是有效的，资源也确实存在，因此4xx响应代码在这里没有意义。

另一方面，如果客户端请求/users/9，而该用户不存在，那么客户端就犯了一个错误，请求了一个不存在的资源，一个用户。在这种情况下，回答404 Not Found是有意义的。

在以前的项目中，我使用了404。如果没有用户9，则没有找到对象。因此404 Not Found是合适的。

如果对象存在，但没有数据，则为204 no Content。我认为在你的例子中，这个物体并不存在。

正如许多人所说的，404会误导客户端，如果请求uri不存在，或者请求的uri不能获取请求的资源，它不允许客户端进行区分。

200状态被期望包含资源数据——所以它不是正确的选择。 204状态意味着完全不同的东西，不应该用作GET请求的响应。

由于这样或那样的原因，所有其他现有状态都不适用。

我看到这个话题在很多地方被反复讨论。对我来说，很明显，要消除围绕这个话题的困惑，就需要一个专门的成功状态。比如“209 -没有资源显示”。

这将是一个2xx状态，因为找不到ID不应该被认为是客户端错误(如果客户端知道服务器DB中的所有内容，它们就不需要向服务器询问任何事情，不是吗?)这个专用状态将解决所有与使用其他状态争论的问题。

唯一的问题是:我如何让RFC接受这个标准?

TL;DR:使用404

请看这个博客。这解释得很好。

博客对204的评论总结如下:

204 No Content作为浏览器的响应代码并不是特别有用(尽管根据HTTP规范，浏览器需要将其理解为“不要更改视图”的响应代码)。 然而，No Content对于ajax web服务非常有用，它可能想要表示成功而不需要返回任何东西。(特别是在DELETE或post这样不需要反馈的情况下)。

因此，您的问题的答案是在您的情况下使用404。204是一个专门的响应代码，您不应该经常将其返回给浏览器以响应GET。

其他响应代码甚至比204和404更不合适:

200 should be returned with the body of whatever you successfully fetched. Not appropriate when the entity you're fetching doesn't exist. 202 is used when the server has begun work on an object but the object isn't fully ready yet. Certainly not the case here. You haven't begun, nor will you begin, construction of user 9 in response to a GET request. That breaks all sorts of rules. 400 is used in response to a poorly formatted HTTP request (for instance malformed http headers, incorrectly ordered segments, etc). This will almost certainly be handled by whatever framework you're using. You shouldn't have to deal with this unless you're writing your own server from scratch. Edit: Newer RFCs now allow for 400 to be used for semantically invalid requests.

维基百科对HTTP状态码的描述尤其有用。 您也可以在www.w3.org上看到HTTP/1.1 RFC2616文档中的定义