没有导入和str()这样的函数的解决方案

def numlen(num):
    result = 1
    divider = 10
    while num % divider != num:
        divider *= 10
        result += 1
    return result

from math import log10
digits = lambda n: ((n==0) and 1) or int(log10(abs(n)))+1

对于子孙后代来说，这无疑是迄今为止解决这个问题最慢的方法:

def num_digits(num, number_of_calls=1):
    "Returns the number of digits of an integer num."
    if num == 0 or num == -1:
        return 1 if number_of_calls == 1 else 0
    else:
        return 1 + num_digits(num/10, number_of_calls+1)

计算w/o将整数转换为字符串的位数:

x=123
x=abs(x)
i = 0
while x >= 10**i:
    i +=1
# i is the number of digits

正如亲爱的用户@Calvintwr提到的，函数数学。Log10在一个超出范围[-999999999999997,99999999999999997]的数字中有问题，我们会得到浮点数错误。我有这个问题与JavaScript(谷歌V8和NodeJS)和C (GNU GCC编译器)，所以一个“纯数学”的解决方案是不可能在这里。

基于这个要点和答案，亲爱的用户@Calvintwr

import math


def get_count_digits(number: int):
    """Return number of digits in a number."""

    if number == 0:
        return 1

    number = abs(number)

    if number <= 999999999999997:
        return math.floor(math.log10(number)) + 1

    count = 0
    while number:
        count += 1
        number //= 10
    return count

我在长度不超过20(包括20)的数字上进行了测试，没问题。它必须足够，因为64位系统上的最大整数长度是19 (len(str(sys.maxsize)) == 19)。

assert get_count_digits(-99999999999999999999) == 20
assert get_count_digits(-10000000000000000000) == 20
assert get_count_digits(-9999999999999999999) == 19
assert get_count_digits(-1000000000000000000) == 19
assert get_count_digits(-999999999999999999) == 18
assert get_count_digits(-100000000000000000) == 18
assert get_count_digits(-99999999999999999) == 17
assert get_count_digits(-10000000000000000) == 17
assert get_count_digits(-9999999999999999) == 16
assert get_count_digits(-1000000000000000) == 16
assert get_count_digits(-999999999999999) == 15
assert get_count_digits(-100000000000000) == 15
assert get_count_digits(-99999999999999) == 14
assert get_count_digits(-10000000000000) == 14
assert get_count_digits(-9999999999999) == 13
assert get_count_digits(-1000000000000) == 13
assert get_count_digits(-999999999999) == 12
assert get_count_digits(-100000000000) == 12
assert get_count_digits(-99999999999) == 11
assert get_count_digits(-10000000000) == 11
assert get_count_digits(-9999999999) == 10
assert get_count_digits(-1000000000) == 10
assert get_count_digits(-999999999) == 9
assert get_count_digits(-100000000) == 9
assert get_count_digits(-99999999) == 8
assert get_count_digits(-10000000) == 8
assert get_count_digits(-9999999) == 7
assert get_count_digits(-1000000) == 7
assert get_count_digits(-999999) == 6
assert get_count_digits(-100000) == 6
assert get_count_digits(-99999) == 5
assert get_count_digits(-10000) == 5
assert get_count_digits(-9999) == 4
assert get_count_digits(-1000) == 4
assert get_count_digits(-999) == 3
assert get_count_digits(-100) == 3
assert get_count_digits(-99) == 2
assert get_count_digits(-10) == 2
assert get_count_digits(-9) == 1
assert get_count_digits(-1) == 1
assert get_count_digits(0) == 1
assert get_count_digits(1) == 1
assert get_count_digits(9) == 1
assert get_count_digits(10) == 2
assert get_count_digits(99) == 2
assert get_count_digits(100) == 3
assert get_count_digits(999) == 3
assert get_count_digits(1000) == 4
assert get_count_digits(9999) == 4
assert get_count_digits(10000) == 5
assert get_count_digits(99999) == 5
assert get_count_digits(100000) == 6
assert get_count_digits(999999) == 6
assert get_count_digits(1000000) == 7
assert get_count_digits(9999999) == 7
assert get_count_digits(10000000) == 8
assert get_count_digits(99999999) == 8
assert get_count_digits(100000000) == 9
assert get_count_digits(999999999) == 9
assert get_count_digits(1000000000) == 10
assert get_count_digits(9999999999) == 10
assert get_count_digits(10000000000) == 11
assert get_count_digits(99999999999) == 11
assert get_count_digits(100000000000) == 12
assert get_count_digits(999999999999) == 12
assert get_count_digits(1000000000000) == 13
assert get_count_digits(9999999999999) == 13
assert get_count_digits(10000000000000) == 14
assert get_count_digits(99999999999999) == 14
assert get_count_digits(100000000000000) == 15
assert get_count_digits(999999999999999) == 15
assert get_count_digits(1000000000000000) == 16
assert get_count_digits(9999999999999999) == 16
assert get_count_digits(10000000000000000) == 17
assert get_count_digits(99999999999999999) == 17
assert get_count_digits(100000000000000000) == 18
assert get_count_digits(999999999999999999) == 18
assert get_count_digits(1000000000000000000) == 19
assert get_count_digits(9999999999999999999) == 19
assert get_count_digits(10000000000000000000) == 20
assert get_count_digits(99999999999999999999) == 20

所有使用Python 3.5测试的代码示例

假设您要求的是可以存储在整数中的最大数字，则该值与实现有关。我建议你在使用python时不要这样想。在任何情况下，相当大的值都可以存储在python 'integer'中。记住，Python使用鸭子类型!

编辑: 我在澄清提问者想要数字数之前给出了我的答案。就此而言，我同意公认答案所建议的方法。没什么可补充的了!