如何在JavaScript中创建GUID(全球独特识别器)?GUID/UUID应该至少有32个字符,并且应该保持在ASCII范围内,以避免在通过它们时遇到麻烦。
我不确定在所有浏览器上有哪些习惯,如何“随机”和种植内置的随机号码发电机等。
如何在JavaScript中创建GUID(全球独特识别器)?GUID/UUID应该至少有32个字符,并且应该保持在ASCII范围内,以避免在通过它们时遇到麻烦。
我不确定在所有浏览器上有哪些习惯,如何“随机”和种植内置的随机号码发电机等。
当前回答
下面的版本是布罗法的答案的调整,但更新,包括一个“真实”随机功能,使用加密图书馆在可用的地方,以及Alea()功能作为落后。
Math.log2 = Math.log2 || function(n){ return Math.log(n) / Math.log(2); }
Math.trueRandom = (function() {
var crypt = window.crypto || window.msCrypto;
if (crypt && crypt.getRandomValues) {
// If we have a crypto library, use it
var random = function(min, max) {
var rval = 0;
var range = max - min;
if (range < 2) {
return min;
}
var bits_needed = Math.ceil(Math.log2(range));
if (bits_needed > 53) {
throw new Exception("We cannot generate numbers larger than 53 bits.");
}
var bytes_needed = Math.ceil(bits_needed / 8);
var mask = Math.pow(2, bits_needed) - 1;
// 7776 -> (2^13 = 8192) -1 == 8191 or 0x00001111 11111111
// Create byte array and fill with N random numbers
var byteArray = new Uint8Array(bytes_needed);
crypt.getRandomValues(byteArray);
var p = (bytes_needed - 1) * 8;
for(var i = 0; i < bytes_needed; i++ ) {
rval += byteArray[i] * Math.pow(2, p);
p -= 8;
}
// Use & to apply the mask and reduce the number of recursive lookups
rval = rval & mask;
if (rval >= range) {
// Integer out of acceptable range
return random(min, max);
}
// Return an integer that falls within the range
return min + rval;
}
return function() {
var r = random(0, 1000000000) / 1000000000;
return r;
};
} else {
// From https://web.archive.org/web/20120502223108/http://baagoe.com/en/RandomMusings/javascript/
// Johannes Baagøe <baagoe@baagoe.com>, 2010
function Mash() {
var n = 0xefc8249d;
var mash = function(data) {
data = data.toString();
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
n += data.charCodeAt(i);
var h = 0.02519603282416938 * n;
n = h >>> 0;
h -= n;
h *= n;
n = h >>> 0;
h -= n;
n += h * 0x100000000; // 2^32
}
return (n >>> 0) * 2.3283064365386963e-10; // 2^-32
};
mash.version = 'Mash 0.9';
return mash;
}
// From http://baagoe.com/en/RandomMusings/javascript/
function Alea() {
return (function(args) {
// Johannes Baagøe <baagoe@baagoe.com>, 2010
var s0 = 0;
var s1 = 0;
var s2 = 0;
var c = 1;
if (args.length == 0) {
args = [+new Date()];
}
var mash = Mash();
s0 = mash(' ');
s1 = mash(' ');
s2 = mash(' ');
for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
s0 -= mash(args[i]);
if (s0 < 0) {
s0 += 1;
}
s1 -= mash(args[i]);
if (s1 < 0) {
s1 += 1;
}
s2 -= mash(args[i]);
if (s2 < 0) {
s2 += 1;
}
}
mash = null;
var random = function() {
var t = 2091639 * s0 + c * 2.3283064365386963e-10; // 2^-32
s0 = s1;
s1 = s2;
return s2 = t - (c = t | 0);
};
random.uint32 = function() {
return random() * 0x100000000; // 2^32
};
random.fract53 = function() {
return random() +
(random() * 0x200000 | 0) * 1.1102230246251565e-16; // 2^-53
};
random.version = 'Alea 0.9';
random.args = args;
return random;
}(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));
};
return Alea();
}
}());
Math.guid = function() {
return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function(c) {
var r = Math.trueRandom() * 16 | 0,
v = c == 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3 | 0x8);
return v.toString(16);
});
};
其他回答
这创建了一个版本 4 UUID (创建于假冒随机数字):
function uuid()
{
var chars = '0123456789abcdef'.split('');
var uuid = [], rnd = Math.random, r;
uuid[8] = uuid[13] = uuid[18] = uuid[23] = '-';
uuid[14] = '4'; // version 4
for (var i = 0; i < 36; i++)
{
if (!uuid[i])
{
r = 0 | rnd()*16;
uuid[i] = chars[(i == 19) ? (r & 0x3) | 0x8 : r & 0xf];
}
}
return uuid.join('');
}
下面是产生的 UUID 的样本:
682db637-0f31-4847-9cdf-25ba9613a75c
97d19478-3ab2-4aa1-b8cc-a1c3540f54aa
2eed04c9-2692-456d-a0fd-51012f947136
我使用这个版本. 它是安全和简单的. 它不是为了产生格式化的Uids,它只是为了产生你需要的电缆的随机线条。
export function makeId(length) {
let result = '';
const characters = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789';
const charactersLength = characters.length;
for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
let letterPos = parseInt(crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(1))[0] / 255 * charactersLength - 1, 10)
result += characters[letterPos]
}
return result;
}
来自Sagi shkedy的技术博客:
function generateGuid() {
var result, i, j;
result = '';
for(j=0; j<32; j++) {
if( j == 8 || j == 12 || j == 16 || j == 20)
result = result + '-';
i = Math.floor(Math.random()*16).toString(16).toUpperCase();
result = result + i;
}
return result;
}
还有其他方法涉及使用 ActiveX 控制,但远离这些!
我以为值得指出的是,没有GUID发电机可以保证独特的钥匙(查看维基百科文章)。总是有冲突的可能性。
您可以使用 npm 包指南、GUID 发电机和验证器。
例子:
Guid.raw();
// -> '6fdf6ffc-ed77-94fa-407e-a7b86ed9e59d'
注意: 此包已被削弱. 使用 uuid 相反。
例子:
const uuidv4 = require('uuid/v4');
uuidv4(); // ⇨ '10ba038e-48da-487b-96e8-8d3b99b6d18a'
我已经建立在这里提到的所有东西,以产生两倍的速度,可携带的所有环境,包括节点,并从Math.random()升级到加密强度的随机性。
function random() {
const
fourBytesOn = 0xffffffff, // 4 bytes, all 32 bits on: 4294967295
c = typeof crypto === "object"
? crypto // Node.js or most browsers
: typeof msCrypto === "object" // Stinky non-standard Internet Explorer
? msCrypto // eslint-disable-line no-undef
: null; // What old or bad environment are we running in?
return c
? c.randomBytes
? parseInt(c.randomBytes(4).toString("hex"), 16) / (fourBytesOn + 1) - Number.EPSILON // Node.js
: c.getRandomValues(new Uint32Array(1))[0] / (fourBytesOn + 1) - Number.EPSILON // Browsers
: Math.random();
}
function uuidV4() { // eslint-disable-line complexity
// If possible, generate a single random value, 128 bits (16 bytes)
// in length. In an environment where that is not possible, generate
// and make use of four 32-bit (4-byte) random values.
// Use crypto-grade randomness when available, else Math.random()
const
c = typeof crypto === "object"
? crypto // Node.js or most browsers
: typeof msCrypto === "object" // Stinky non-standard Internet Explorer
? msCrypto // eslint-disable-line no-undef
: null; // What old or bad environment are we running in?
let
byteArray = c
? c.randomBytes
? c.randomBytes(16) // Node.js
: c.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16)) // Browsers
: null,
uuid = [ ];
/* eslint-disable no-bitwise */
if ( ! byteArray) { // No support for generating 16 random bytes
// in one shot -- this will be slower
const
int = [
random() * 0xffffffff | 0,
random() * 0xffffffff | 0,
random() * 0xffffffff | 0,
random() * 0xffffffff | 0
];
byteArray = [ ];
for (let i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
byteArray[i] = int[i < 4 ? 0 : i < 8 ? 1 : i < 12 ? 2 : 3] >> i % 4 * 8 & 0xff;
}
}
byteArray[6] = byteArray[6] & 0x0f | 0x40; // Always 4, per RFC, indicating the version
byteArray[8] = byteArray[8] & 0x3f | 0x80; // Constrained to [89ab], per RFC for version 4
for (let i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
uuid[i] = (byteArray[i] < 16 ? "0" : "") + byteArray[i].toString(16);
}
uuid =
uuid[ 0] + uuid[ 1] + uuid[ 2] + uuid[ 3] + "-" +
uuid[ 4] + uuid[ 5] + "-" +
uuid[ 6] + uuid[ 7] + "-" +
uuid[ 8] + uuid[ 9] + "-" +
uuid[10] + uuid[11] + uuid[12] + uuid[13] + uuid[14] + uuid[15];
return uuid;
/* eslint-enable no-bitwise */
}