尽管已经提供了描述如何使用GNU libc backtrace()函数1的正确答案，并且我提供了自己的答案，描述了如何确保从信号处理程序的回溯指向fault2的实际位置，但我没有看到任何从回溯输出的要求c++符号的提及。

当从c++程序获得回溯时，可以通过c++filt1运行输出来要求符号，或者直接使用abi::__cxa_demangle1。

1 Linux & OS X 注意，c++filt和__cxa_demangle是特定于GCC的 2 Linux

下面的c++ Linux示例使用与我的其他答案相同的信号处理程序，并演示如何使用c++filt来要求符号。

代码:

class foo
{
public:
    foo() { foo1(); }

private:
    void foo1() { foo2(); }
    void foo2() { foo3(); }
    void foo3() { foo4(); }
    void foo4() { crash(); }
    void crash() { char * p = NULL; *p = 0; }
};

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    // Setup signal handler for SIGSEGV
    ...

    foo * f = new foo();
    return 0;
}

输出(. /测试):

signal 11 (Segmentation fault), address is (nil) from 0x8048e07
[bt]: (1) ./test(crash__3foo+0x13) [0x8048e07]
[bt]: (2) ./test(foo4__3foo+0x12) [0x8048dee]
[bt]: (3) ./test(foo3__3foo+0x12) [0x8048dd6]
[bt]: (4) ./test(foo2__3foo+0x12) [0x8048dbe]
[bt]: (5) ./test(foo1__3foo+0x12) [0x8048da6]
[bt]: (6) ./test(__3foo+0x12) [0x8048d8e]
[bt]: (7) ./test(main+0xe0) [0x8048d18]
[bt]: (8) ./test(__libc_start_main+0x95) [0x42017589]
[bt]: (9) ./test(__register_frame_info+0x3d) [0x8048981]

需求输出(。/test 2>&1 | c++filt):

signal 11 (Segmentation fault), address is (nil) from 0x8048e07
[bt]: (1) ./test(foo::crash(void)+0x13) [0x8048e07]
[bt]: (2) ./test(foo::foo4(void)+0x12) [0x8048dee]
[bt]: (3) ./test(foo::foo3(void)+0x12) [0x8048dd6]
[bt]: (4) ./test(foo::foo2(void)+0x12) [0x8048dbe]
[bt]: (5) ./test(foo::foo1(void)+0x12) [0x8048da6]
[bt]: (6) ./test(foo::foo(void)+0x12) [0x8048d8e]
[bt]: (7) ./test(main+0xe0) [0x8048d18]
[bt]: (8) ./test(__libc_start_main+0x95) [0x42017589]
[bt]: (9) ./test(__register_frame_info+0x3d) [0x8048981]

下面的代码构建在我原来答案中的信号处理程序之上，可以替换上面示例中的信号处理程序，以演示如何使用abi::__cxa_demangle来提取符号。此信号处理程序产生与上面示例相同的需求输出。

代码:

void crit_err_hdlr(int sig_num, siginfo_t * info, void * ucontext)
{
    sig_ucontext_t * uc = (sig_ucontext_t *)ucontext;

    void * caller_address = (void *) uc->uc_mcontext.eip; // x86 specific

    std::cerr << "signal " << sig_num 
              << " (" << strsignal(sig_num) << "), address is " 
              << info->si_addr << " from " << caller_address 
              << std::endl << std::endl;

    void * array[50];
    int size = backtrace(array, 50);

    array[1] = caller_address;

    char ** messages = backtrace_symbols(array, size);    

    // skip first stack frame (points here)
    for (int i = 1; i < size && messages != NULL; ++i)
    {
        char *mangled_name = 0, *offset_begin = 0, *offset_end = 0;

        // find parantheses and +address offset surrounding mangled name
        for (char *p = messages[i]; *p; ++p)
        {
            if (*p == '(') 
            {
                mangled_name = p; 
            }
            else if (*p == '+') 
            {
                offset_begin = p;
            }
            else if (*p == ')')
            {
                offset_end = p;
                break;
            }
        }

        // if the line could be processed, attempt to demangle the symbol
        if (mangled_name && offset_begin && offset_end && 
            mangled_name < offset_begin)
        {
            *mangled_name++ = '\0';
            *offset_begin++ = '\0';
            *offset_end++ = '\0';

            int status;
            char * real_name = abi::__cxa_demangle(mangled_name, 0, 0, &status);

            // if demangling is successful, output the demangled function name
            if (status == 0)
            {    
                std::cerr << "[bt]: (" << i << ") " << messages[i] << " : " 
                          << real_name << "+" << offset_begin << offset_end 
                          << std::endl;

            }
            // otherwise, output the mangled function name
            else
            {
                std::cerr << "[bt]: (" << i << ") " << messages[i] << " : " 
                          << mangled_name << "+" << offset_begin << offset_end 
                          << std::endl;
            }
            free(real_name);
        }
        // otherwise, print the whole line
        else
        {
            std::cerr << "[bt]: (" << i << ") " << messages[i] << std::endl;
        }
    }
    std::cerr << std::endl;

    free(messages);

    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

ulimit -c unlimited

是一个系统变量，它将允许在应用程序崩溃后创建一个核心转储。在这种情况下是无限的。在同一目录中查找一个名为core的文件。确保在编译代码时启用了调试信息!

问候

You are probably not going to like this - all I can say in its favour is that it works for me, and I have similar but not identical requirements: I am writing a compiler/transpiler for a 1970's Algol-like language which uses C as it's output and then compiles the C so that as far as the user is concerned, they're generally not aware of C being involved, so although you might call it a transpiler, it's effectively a compiler that uses C as it's intermediate code. The language being compiled has a history of providing good diagnostics and a full backtrace in the original native compilers. I've been able to find gcc compiler flags and libraries etc that allow me to trap most of the runtime errors that the original compilers did (although with one glaring exception - unassigned variable trapping). When a runtime error occurs (eg arithmetic overflow, divide by zero, array index out of bounds, etc) the original compilers output a backtrace to the console listing all variables in the stack frames of every active procedure call. I struggled to get this effect in C, but eventually did so with what can only be described as a hack... When the program is invoked, the wrapper that supplies the C "main" looks at its argv, and if a special option is not present, it restarts itself under gdb with an altered argv containing both gdb options and the 'magic' option string for the program itself. This restarted version then hides those strings from the user's code by restoring the original arguments before calling the main block of the code written in our language. When an error occurs (as long as it is not one explicitly trapped within the program by user code), it exits to gdb which prints the required backtrace.

启动序列中的关键代码行包括:

  if ((argc >= 1) && (strcmp(origargv[argc-1], "--restarting-under-gdb")) != 0) {
    // initial invocation
    // the "--restarting-under-gdb" option is how the copy running under gdb knows
    // not to start another gdb process.

and

  char *gdb [] = {
    "/usr/bin/gdb", "-q", "-batch", "-nx", "-nh", "-return-child-result",
    "-ex", "run",
    "-ex", "bt full",
    "--args"
  };

The original arguments are appended to the gdb options above. That should be enough of a hint for you to do something similar for your own system. I did look at other library-supported backtrace options (eg libbacktrace, https://codingrelic.geekhold.com/2010/09/gcc-function-instrumentation.html, etc) but they only output the procedure call stack, not the local variables. However if anyone knows of any cleaner mechanism to get a similar effect, do please let us know. The main downside to this is that the variables are printed in C syntax, not the syntax of the language the user writes in. And (until I add suitable #line directives on every generated line of C :-() the backtrace lists the C source file and line numbers.

G PS我使用的gcc编译选项是:

 GCCOPTS=" -Wall -Wno-return-type -Wno-comment -g -fsanitize=undefined
 -fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error -fno-sanitize-recover=all -frecord-gcc-switches
 -fsanitize=float-divide-by-zero -fsanitize=float-cast-overflow -ftrapv
 -grecord-gcc-switches -O0 -ggdb3 "

感谢calorticgeek让我注意到addr2line实用程序。

我写了一个快速和肮脏的脚本来处理这里提供的答案的输出: (非常感谢jschmier!)使用addr2line实用程序。

脚本只接受一个参数:包含jschmier实用程序输出的文件名。

对于跟踪的每一层，输出应该打印如下内容:

BACKTRACE:  testExe 0x8A5db6b
FILE:       pathToFile/testExe.C:110
FUNCTION:   testFunction(int) 
   107  
   108           
   109           int* i = 0x0;
  *110           *i = 5;
   111      
   112        }
   113        return i;

代码:

#!/bin/bash

LOGFILE=$1

NUM_SRC_CONTEXT_LINES=3

old_IFS=$IFS  # save the field separator           
IFS=$'\n'     # new field separator, the end of line           

for bt in `cat $LOGFILE | grep '\[bt\]'`; do
   IFS=$old_IFS     # restore default field separator 
   printf '\n'
   EXEC=`echo $bt | cut -d' ' -f3 | cut -d'(' -f1`  
   ADDR=`echo $bt | cut -d'[' -f3 | cut -d']' -f1`
   echo "BACKTRACE:  $EXEC $ADDR"
   A2L=`addr2line -a $ADDR -e $EXEC -pfC`
   #echo "A2L:        $A2L"

   FUNCTION=`echo $A2L | sed 's/\<at\>.*//' | cut -d' ' -f2-99`
   FILE_AND_LINE=`echo $A2L | sed 's/.* at //'`
   echo "FILE:       $FILE_AND_LINE"
   echo "FUNCTION:   $FUNCTION"

   # print offending source code
   SRCFILE=`echo $FILE_AND_LINE | cut -d':' -f1`
   LINENUM=`echo $FILE_AND_LINE | cut -d':' -f2`
   if ([ -f $SRCFILE ]); then
      cat -n $SRCFILE | grep -C $NUM_SRC_CONTEXT_LINES "^ *$LINENUM\>" | sed "s/ $LINENUM/*$LINENUM/"
   else
      echo "File not found: $SRCFILE"
   fi
   IFS=$'\n'     # new field separator, the end of line           
done

IFS=$old_IFS     # restore default field separator 

参见ACE(自适应通信环境)中的堆栈跟踪功能。它已经被编写为涵盖所有主要平台(以及更多)。这个库是bsd风格授权的，所以如果你不想使用ACE，你甚至可以复制/粘贴代码。

一些版本的libc包含处理堆栈跟踪的函数;你可能会用到它们:

http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Backtraces.html

我记得很久以前使用过libunwind来获取堆栈跟踪，但您的平台可能不支持它。