感谢calorticgeek让我注意到addr2line实用程序。

我写了一个快速和肮脏的脚本来处理这里提供的答案的输出: (非常感谢jschmier!)使用addr2line实用程序。

脚本只接受一个参数:包含jschmier实用程序输出的文件名。

对于跟踪的每一层，输出应该打印如下内容:

BACKTRACE:  testExe 0x8A5db6b
FILE:       pathToFile/testExe.C:110
FUNCTION:   testFunction(int) 
   107  
   108           
   109           int* i = 0x0;
  *110           *i = 5;
   111      
   112        }
   113        return i;

代码:

#!/bin/bash

LOGFILE=$1

NUM_SRC_CONTEXT_LINES=3

old_IFS=$IFS  # save the field separator           
IFS=$'\n'     # new field separator, the end of line           

for bt in `cat $LOGFILE | grep '\[bt\]'`; do
   IFS=$old_IFS     # restore default field separator 
   printf '\n'
   EXEC=`echo $bt | cut -d' ' -f3 | cut -d'(' -f1`  
   ADDR=`echo $bt | cut -d'[' -f3 | cut -d']' -f1`
   echo "BACKTRACE:  $EXEC $ADDR"
   A2L=`addr2line -a $ADDR -e $EXEC -pfC`
   #echo "A2L:        $A2L"

   FUNCTION=`echo $A2L | sed 's/\<at\>.*//' | cut -d' ' -f2-99`
   FILE_AND_LINE=`echo $A2L | sed 's/.* at //'`
   echo "FILE:       $FILE_AND_LINE"
   echo "FUNCTION:   $FUNCTION"

   # print offending source code
   SRCFILE=`echo $FILE_AND_LINE | cut -d':' -f1`
   LINENUM=`echo $FILE_AND_LINE | cut -d':' -f2`
   if ([ -f $SRCFILE ]); then
      cat -n $SRCFILE | grep -C $NUM_SRC_CONTEXT_LINES "^ *$LINENUM\>" | sed "s/ $LINENUM/*$LINENUM/"
   else
      echo "File not found: $SRCFILE"
   fi
   IFS=$'\n'     # new field separator, the end of line           
done

IFS=$old_IFS     # restore default field separator 

它甚至比“man backtrace”更简单，有一个很少有文档的库(GNU专用)作为libSegFault与glibc一起分发。所以，我相信这是由Ulrich Drepper写的，以支持程序catchsegv(见“man catchsegv”)。

这给了我们3种可能性。而不是运行“program -o hai”:

在catchsegv中运行: $ catchsegv程序-o hai 在运行时使用libSegFault链接: LD_PRELOAD = / lib / libSegFault美元。所以编程-o hai 在编译时使用libSegFault链接: $ gcc -g1 -lSegFault -o program program.cc $ program -o hai

在这三种情况下，您将获得更清晰的回溯，并减少优化(gcc -O0或-O1)和调试符号(gcc -g)。否则，您可能只会得到一堆内存地址。

你还可以通过以下方法捕获更多堆栈跟踪信号:

$ export SEGFAULT_SIGNALS="all"       # "all" signals
$ export SEGFAULT_SIGNALS="bus abrt"  # SIGBUS and SIGABRT

输出看起来像这样(注意底部的反向跟踪):

*** Segmentation fault Register dump:

 EAX: 0000000c   EBX: 00000080   ECX:
00000000   EDX: 0000000c  ESI:
bfdbf080   EDI: 080497e0   EBP:
bfdbee38   ESP: bfdbee20

 EIP: 0805640f   EFLAGS: 00010282

 CS: 0073   DS: 007b   ES: 007b   FS:
0000   GS: 0033   SS: 007b

 Trap: 0000000e   Error: 00000004  
OldMask: 00000000  ESP/signal:
bfdbee20   CR2: 00000024

 FPUCW: ffff037f   FPUSW: ffff0000  
TAG: ffffffff  IPOFF: 00000000  
CSSEL: 0000   DATAOFF: 00000000  
DATASEL: 0000

 ST(0) 0000 0000000000000000   ST(1)
0000 0000000000000000  ST(2) 0000
0000000000000000   ST(3) 0000
0000000000000000  ST(4) 0000
0000000000000000   ST(5) 0000
0000000000000000  ST(6) 0000
0000000000000000   ST(7) 0000
0000000000000000

Backtrace:
/lib/libSegFault.so[0xb7f9e100]
??:0(??)[0xb7fa3400]
/usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_queue.h:226(_ZNSt5queueISsSt5dequeISsSaISsEEE4pushERKSs)[0x805647a]
/home/dbingham/src/middle-earth-mud/alpha6/src/engine/player.cpp:73(_ZN6Player5inputESs)[0x805377c]
/home/dbingham/src/middle-earth-mud/alpha6/src/engine/socket.cpp:159(_ZN6Socket4ReadEv)[0x8050698]
/home/dbingham/src/middle-earth-mud/alpha6/src/engine/socket.cpp:413(_ZN12ServerSocket4ReadEv)[0x80507ad]
/home/dbingham/src/middle-earth-mud/alpha6/src/engine/socket.cpp:300(_ZN12ServerSocket4pollEv)[0x8050b44]
/home/dbingham/src/middle-earth-mud/alpha6/src/engine/main.cpp:34(main)[0x8049a72]
/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe5)[0xb7d1b775]
/build/buildd/glibc-2.9/csu/../sysdeps/i386/elf/start.S:122(_start)[0x8049801]

如果你想知道血淋淋的细节，最好的来源是这个来源:参见http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=debug/segfault.c及其父目录http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=tree;f=debug

Ulimit -c <value>设置unix上的核心文件大小限制。缺省情况下，内核文件大小限制为0。可以使用ulimit -a查看ulimit值。

此外，如果您从gdb内部运行程序，它将在“分段违规”(SIGSEGV，通常当您访问未分配的内存块时)时停止程序，或者您可以设置断点。

DDD和nemiver是GDB的前端，这使得新手更容易使用GDB。

看:

男人3回溯

And:

#include <exeinfo.h>
int backtrace(void **buffer, int size);

这些是GNU扩展。

作为一种仅适用于Windows的解决方案，您可以使用Windows错误报告(Error Reporting)获得相当于堆栈跟踪的信息(包含多得多的信息)。只需几个注册表项，就可以设置为收集用户模式转储:

从Windows Server 2008和Windows Vista with Service Pack 1 (SP1)开始，可以配置Windows错误报告(WER)，以便在用户模式应用程序崩溃后收集完整的用户模式转储并存储在本地。[…] 默认情况下不启用此特性。启用该特性需要管理员权限。要启用和配置该功能，请在HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\Windows Error Reporting\LocalDumps键下使用以下注册表值。

您可以从具有所需权限的安装程序中设置注册表项。

创建用户模式转储比在客户端生成堆栈跟踪有以下优点:

It's already implemented in the system. You can either use WER as outlined above, or call MiniDumpWriteDump yourself, if you need more fine-grained control over the amount of information to dump. (Make sure to call it from a different process.) Way more complete than a stack trace. Among others it can contain local variables, function arguments, stacks for other threads, loaded modules, and so on. The amount of data (and consequently size) is highly customizable. No need to ship debug symbols. This both drastically decreases the size of your deployment, as well as makes it harder to reverse-engineer your application. Largely independent of the compiler you use. Using WER does not even require any code. Either way, having a way to get a symbol database (PDB) is very useful for offline analysis. I believe GCC can either generate PDB's, or there are tools to convert the symbol database to the PDB format.

请注意，WER只能由应用程序崩溃触发(即系统由于未处理的异常而终止进程)。MiniDumpWriteDump可以在任何时候调用。如果您需要转储当前状态以诊断崩溃以外的问题，这可能会很有帮助。

如果你想评估mini dump的适用性，必读:

有效minidumps 有效的小排量(第二部分)

除了上面的答案，这里还介绍了如何让Debian Linux操作系统生成核心转储

Create a “coredumps” folder in the user's home folder Go to /etc/security/limits.conf. Below the ' ' line, type “ soft core unlimited”, and “root soft core unlimited” if enabling core dumps for root, to allow unlimited space for core dumps. NOTE: “* soft core unlimited” does not cover root, which is why root has to be specified in its own line. To check these values, log out, log back in, and type “ulimit -a”. “Core file size” should be set to unlimited. Check the .bashrc files (user, and root if applicable) to make sure that ulimit is not set there. Otherwise, the value above will be overwritten on startup. Open /etc/sysctl.conf. Enter the following at the bottom: “kernel.core_pattern = /home//coredumps/%e_%t.dump”. (%e will be the process name, and %t will be the system time) Exit and type “sysctl -p” to load the new configuration Check /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern and verify that this matches what you just typed in. Core dumping can be tested by running a process on the command line (“ &”), and then killing it with “kill -11 ”. If core dumping is successful, you will see “(core dumped)” after the segmentation fault indication.