我将使用在Visual Leak Detector中为泄漏内存生成堆栈跟踪的代码。不过，这只适用于Win32。

我发现@tgamblin解决方案不完整。 它不能处理stackoverflow。 我想因为默认情况下信号处理程序是用相同的堆栈和调用的 SIGSEGV被抛出两次。为了保护，你需要为信号处理器注册一个独立的堆栈。

您可以使用下面的代码进行检查。默认情况下，处理程序失败。使用已定义的宏STACK_OVERFLOW就可以了。

#include <iostream>
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>

using namespace std;

//#define STACK_OVERFLOW

#ifdef STACK_OVERFLOW
static char stack_body[64*1024];
static stack_t sigseg_stack;
#endif

static struct sigaction sigseg_handler;

void handler(int sig) {
  cerr << "sig seg fault handler" << endl;
  const int asize = 10;
  void *array[asize];
  size_t size;

  // get void*'s for all entries on the stack
  size = backtrace(array, asize);

  // print out all the frames to stderr
  cerr << "stack trace: " << endl;
  backtrace_symbols_fd(array, size, STDERR_FILENO);
  cerr << "resend SIGSEGV to get core dump" << endl;
  signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
  kill(getpid(), sig);
}

void foo() {
  foo();
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
#ifdef STACK_OVERFLOW
  sigseg_stack.ss_sp = stack_body;
  sigseg_stack.ss_flags = SS_ONSTACK;
  sigseg_stack.ss_size = sizeof(stack_body);
  assert(!sigaltstack(&sigseg_stack, nullptr));
  sigseg_handler.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK;
#else
  sigseg_handler.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;  
#endif
  sigseg_handler.sa_handler = &handler;
  assert(!sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sigseg_handler, nullptr));
  cout << "sig action set" << endl;
  foo();
  return 0;
} 

You are probably not going to like this - all I can say in its favour is that it works for me, and I have similar but not identical requirements: I am writing a compiler/transpiler for a 1970's Algol-like language which uses C as it's output and then compiles the C so that as far as the user is concerned, they're generally not aware of C being involved, so although you might call it a transpiler, it's effectively a compiler that uses C as it's intermediate code. The language being compiled has a history of providing good diagnostics and a full backtrace in the original native compilers. I've been able to find gcc compiler flags and libraries etc that allow me to trap most of the runtime errors that the original compilers did (although with one glaring exception - unassigned variable trapping). When a runtime error occurs (eg arithmetic overflow, divide by zero, array index out of bounds, etc) the original compilers output a backtrace to the console listing all variables in the stack frames of every active procedure call. I struggled to get this effect in C, but eventually did so with what can only be described as a hack... When the program is invoked, the wrapper that supplies the C "main" looks at its argv, and if a special option is not present, it restarts itself under gdb with an altered argv containing both gdb options and the 'magic' option string for the program itself. This restarted version then hides those strings from the user's code by restoring the original arguments before calling the main block of the code written in our language. When an error occurs (as long as it is not one explicitly trapped within the program by user code), it exits to gdb which prints the required backtrace.

启动序列中的关键代码行包括:

  if ((argc >= 1) && (strcmp(origargv[argc-1], "--restarting-under-gdb")) != 0) {
    // initial invocation
    // the "--restarting-under-gdb" option is how the copy running under gdb knows
    // not to start another gdb process.

and

  char *gdb [] = {
    "/usr/bin/gdb", "-q", "-batch", "-nx", "-nh", "-return-child-result",
    "-ex", "run",
    "-ex", "bt full",
    "--args"
  };

The original arguments are appended to the gdb options above. That should be enough of a hint for you to do something similar for your own system. I did look at other library-supported backtrace options (eg libbacktrace, https://codingrelic.geekhold.com/2010/09/gcc-function-instrumentation.html, etc) but they only output the procedure call stack, not the local variables. However if anyone knows of any cleaner mechanism to get a similar effect, do please let us know. The main downside to this is that the variables are printed in C syntax, not the syntax of the language the user writes in. And (until I add suitable #line directives on every generated line of C :-() the backtrace lists the C source file and line numbers.

G PS我使用的gcc编译选项是:

 GCCOPTS=" -Wall -Wno-return-type -Wno-comment -g -fsanitize=undefined
 -fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error -fno-sanitize-recover=all -frecord-gcc-switches
 -fsanitize=float-divide-by-zero -fsanitize=float-cast-overflow -ftrapv
 -grecord-gcc-switches -O0 -ggdb3 "

它看起来就像在最后一个c++增强版本中出现的库提供了你想要的东西，可能代码会是多平台的。 它是boost::stacktrace，你可以像在boost sample中那样使用:

#include <filesystem>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <signal.h>     // ::signal, ::raise
#include <boost/stacktrace.hpp>

const char* backtraceFileName = "./backtraceFile.dump";

void signalHandler(int)
{
    ::signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
    ::signal(SIGABRT, SIG_DFL);
    boost::stacktrace::safe_dump_to(backtraceFileName);
    ::raise(SIGABRT);
}

void sendReport()
{
    if (std::filesystem::exists(backtraceFileName))
    {
        std::ifstream file(backtraceFileName);

        auto st = boost::stacktrace::stacktrace::from_dump(file);
        std::ostringstream backtraceStream;
        backtraceStream << st << std::endl;

        // sending the code from st

        file.close();
        std::filesystem::remove(backtraceFileName);
    }
}

int main()
{
    ::signal(SIGSEGV, signalHandler);
    ::signal(SIGABRT, signalHandler);

    sendReport();
    // ... rest of code
}

在Linux中编译上面的代码:

g++ --std=c++17 file.cpp -lstdc++fs -lboost_stacktrace_backtrace -ldl -lbacktrace

从boost文档复制的反向跟踪示例:

0# bar(int) at /path/to/source/file.cpp:70
1# bar(int) at /path/to/source/file.cpp:70
2# bar(int) at /path/to/source/file.cpp:70
3# bar(int) at /path/to/source/file.cpp:70
4# main at /path/to/main.cpp:93
5# __libc_start_main in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
6# _start

看:

男人3回溯

And:

#include <exeinfo.h>
int backtrace(void **buffer, int size);

这些是GNU扩展。

我将使用在Visual Leak Detector中为泄漏内存生成堆栈跟踪的代码。不过，这只适用于Win32。