只要它应该返回对象的引用，返回NULL就应该很好。

然而，如果它返回整个该死的东西(就像在c++中，如果你用'return blah;'而不是'return &blah'(或者'blah'是一个指针)，那么你不能返回NULL，因为它不是'object'类型。在这种情况下，抛出异常或返回一个没有成功标志集的空白对象是我处理问题的方式。

首选返回null——

如果调用者在不检查的情况下使用它，异常就会在那里发生。

如果调用者并没有真正使用它，不要给他一个try/catch块

“其他”选项可以是让find方法接受一个带有默认对象的附加参数，如果无法找到所寻找的对象，将返回该默认对象。

否则，我只返回null，除非它确实是一个例外的情况，当对象没有找到。

返回null，异常就是:你的代码所做的不是预期的事情。

我更喜欢只返回null，并依赖于调用者来适当地处理它。(因为没有更好的词)例外是，如果我绝对“确定”这个方法将返回一个对象。在这种情况下，失败是一个例外，应该和应该抛出。

抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/