与您正在使用的API保持一致。

通常它应该返回null。调用该方法的代码应该决定是抛出异常还是尝试其他操作。

如果对于客户端代码来说，知道已找到和未找到之间的区别很重要，并且这应该是一个例程行为，那么最好返回null。然后客户端代码可以决定要做什么。

抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/

在数据层代码中，我有时使用以下代码，允许调用者决定“对象未找到”是否意味着发生了错误。

DataType GetObject(DBConnection conn, string id, bool throwOnNotFound) {
    DataType retval = ... // find object in database
    if (retval != null || ! throwOnNotFound) {
        return retval;
    } else {
        throw new NoRowsFoundException("DataType object with id {id} not found in database");
    }
}

DataType GetObject(DBConnection conn, string id) {
    return GetObject(conn, id, true);
} 

只要它应该返回对象的引用，返回NULL就应该很好。

然而，如果它返回整个该死的东西(就像在c++中，如果你用'return blah;'而不是'return &blah'(或者'blah'是一个指针)，那么你不能返回NULL，因为它不是'object'类型。在这种情况下，抛出异常或返回一个没有成功标志集的空白对象是我处理问题的方式。