抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/

它不包含对象可能发生在正常操作期间，应该由调用者返回NULL来处理。

如果不包含对象表明调用代码或内部状态存在错误，则执行断言。

如果不包含该对象，则表示不经常发生事件。(就像有人从商店中删除了一件商品，而你同时还在结账。)然后抛出异常。

不要认为任何人都提到了异常处理中的开销——需要额外的资源来加载和处理异常，所以除非它是一个真正的应用程序杀死或进程停止事件(继续下去会造成更多的伤害而不是好处)，否则我会选择返回一个调用环境可以解释为它认为合适的值。

如果您总是希望找到一个值，那么如果缺少该值则抛出异常。这个例外意味着有问题。

如果该值可以缺失或存在，并且两者都对应用程序逻辑有效，则返回null。

更重要的是:在代码的其他地方做什么?一致性很重要。

这取决于你是否希望找到这个物体。如果你遵循学校的思想，认为exceptions应该用来表示某事，那么，嗯，呃，exceptions已经发生了:

对象发现;返回对象 没有找到对象;抛出异常

否则，返回null。

抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/