抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/

如果对于客户端代码来说，知道已找到和未找到之间的区别很重要，并且这应该是一个例程行为，那么最好返回null。然后客户端代码可以决定要做什么。

这取决于你是否希望找到这个物体。如果你遵循学校的思想，认为exceptions应该用来表示某事，那么，嗯，呃，exceptions已经发生了:

对象发现;返回对象 没有找到对象;抛出异常

否则，返回null。

首选返回null——

如果调用者在不检查的情况下使用它，异常就会在那里发生。

如果调用者并没有真正使用它，不要给他一个try/catch块

使用空对象模式或抛出异常。

它不包含对象可能发生在正常操作期间，应该由调用者返回NULL来处理。

如果不包含对象表明调用代码或内部状态存在错误，则执行断言。

如果不包含该对象，则表示不经常发生事件。(就像有人从商店中删除了一件商品，而你同时还在结账。)然后抛出异常。