如果您正在使用抛出异常的库或其他类，则应该重新抛出异常。这里有一个例子。Example2.java类似于library，而Example.java使用它的对象。Main.java就是一个处理这个异常的例子。您应该向调用端的用户显示有意义的消息和堆栈跟踪(如果需要)。

Main.java

public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
    Example example = new Example();

    try {
        Example2 obj = example.doExample();

        if(obj == null){
            System.out.println("Hey object is null!");
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("Congratulations, you caught the exception!");
        System.out.println("Here is stack trace:");
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
}

Example.java

/**
 * Example.java
 * @author Seval
 * @date 10/22/2014
 */
public class Example {
    /**
     * Returns Example2 object
     * If there is no Example2 object, throws exception
     * 
     * @return obj Example2
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public Example2 doExample() throws Exception {
        try {
            // Get the object
            Example2 obj = new Example2();

            return obj;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Log the exception and rethrow
            // Log.logException(e);
            throw e;
        }

    }
}

Example2.java

 /**
 * Example2.java
 * @author Seval
 *
 */
public class Example2 {
    /**
     * Constructor of Example2
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public Example2() throws Exception{
        throw new Exception("Please set the \"obj\"");
    }

}

使用空对象模式或抛出异常。

如果您总是希望找到一个值，那么如果缺少该值则抛出异常。这个例外意味着有问题。

如果该值可以缺失或存在，并且两者都对应用程序逻辑有效，则返回null。

更重要的是:在代码的其他地方做什么?一致性很重要。

只有在确实是错误时才抛出异常。如果对象不存在是预期行为，则返回null。

否则就是个人喜好的问题了。

抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/

我同意这里的共识(如果“未找到”是一个正常的可能结果，则返回null，或者如果情况的语义要求始终找到对象，则抛出异常)。

然而，根据你的具体情况，还有第三种可能是有意义的。您的方法可以在“not found”条件下返回某种类型的默认对象，允许调用代码确保它总是接收到有效的对象，而不需要进行空检查或异常捕获。