如何迭代由空格分隔的单词组成的字符串中的单词?

注意,我对C字符串函数或那种字符操作/访问不感兴趣。比起效率,我更喜欢优雅。我当前的解决方案:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string s = "Somewhere down the road";
    istringstream iss(s);

    do {
        string subs;
        iss >> subs;
        cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;
    } while (iss);
}

当前回答

这是我的方法,切割和分割:

string cut (string& str, const string& del)
{
    string f = str;

    if (in.find_first_of(del) != string::npos)
    {
        f = str.substr(0,str.find_first_of(del));
        str = str.substr(str.find_first_of(del)+del.length());
    }

    return f;
}

vector<string> split (const string& in, const string& del=" ")
{
    vector<string> out();
    string t = in;

    while (t.length() > del.length())
        out.push_back(cut(t,del));

    return out;
}

顺便说一下,如果我能做些什么来优化这个。。

其他回答

在getline上以“”作为标记进行循环。

这是我的条目:

template <typename Container, typename InputIter, typename ForwardIter>
Container
split(InputIter first, InputIter last,
      ForwardIter s_first, ForwardIter s_last)
{
    Container output;

    while (true) {
        auto pos = std::find_first_of(first, last, s_first, s_last);
        output.emplace_back(first, pos);
        if (pos == last) {
            break;
        }

        first = ++pos;
    }

    return output;
}

template <typename Output = std::vector<std::string>,
          typename Input = std::string,
          typename Delims = std::string>
Output
split(const Input& input, const Delims& delims = " ")
{
    using std::cbegin;
    using std::cend;
    return split<Output>(cbegin(input), cend(input),
                         cbegin(delims), cend(delims));
}

auto vec = split("Mary had a little lamb");

第一个定义是采用两对迭代器的STL样式泛型函数。第二个是一个方便的函数,可以让你不用自己做所有的开始和结束。例如,如果要使用列表,还可以将输出容器类型指定为模板参数。

它之所以优雅(IMO),是因为与其他大多数答案不同,它不限于字符串,而是可以与任何STL兼容的容器一起使用。在不更改上述代码的情况下,您可以说:

using vec_of_vecs_t = std::vector<std::vector<int>>;

std::vector<int> v{1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 0, 7, 8, 0, 9};
auto r = split<vec_of_vecs_t>(v, std::initializer_list<int>{0, 2});

这将在每次遇到0或2时将向量v分割成单独的向量。

(还有一个额外的好处,即使用字符串,这个实现比基于strtok()和getline()的版本更快,至少在我的系统上是这样。)

我这样做是因为我需要一种简单的方法来分割字符串和基于c的字符串。。。希望其他人也能发现它很有用。此外,它不依赖令牌,您可以使用字段作为分隔符,这是我需要的另一个键。

我相信可以做一些改进,以进一步提高其优雅度,请尽一切努力

StringSplitter.hpp:

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

class StringSplit
{
private:
    void copy_fragment(char*, char*, char*);
    void copy_fragment(char*, char*, char);
    bool match_fragment(char*, char*, int);
    int untilnextdelim(char*, char);
    int untilnextdelim(char*, char*);
    void assimilate(char*, char);
    void assimilate(char*, char*);
    bool string_contains(char*, char*);
    long calc_string_size(char*);
    void copy_string(char*, char*);

public:
    vector<char*> split_cstr(char);
    vector<char*> split_cstr(char*);
    vector<string> split_string(char);
    vector<string> split_string(char*);
    char* String;
    bool do_string;
    bool keep_empty;
    vector<char*> Container;
    vector<string> ContainerS;

    StringSplit(char * in)
    {
        String = in;
    }

    StringSplit(string in)
    {
        size_t len = calc_string_size((char*)in.c_str());
        String = new char[len + 1];
        memset(String, 0, len + 1);
        copy_string(String, (char*)in.c_str());
        do_string = true;
    }

    ~StringSplit()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < Container.size(); i++)
        {
            if (Container[i] != NULL)
            {
                delete[] Container[i];
            }
        }
        if (do_string)
        {
            delete[] String;
        }
    }
};

StringSplitter.cpp:

#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "StringSplit.hpp"

using namespace std;

void StringSplit::assimilate(char*src, char delim)
{
    int until = untilnextdelim(src, delim);
    if (until > 0)
    {
        char * temp = new char[until + 1];
        memset(temp, 0, until + 1);
        copy_fragment(temp, src, delim);
        if (keep_empty || *temp != 0)
        {
            if (!do_string)
            {
                Container.push_back(temp);
            }
            else
            {
                string x = temp;
                ContainerS.push_back(x);
            }

        }
        else
        {
            delete[] temp;
        }
    }
}

void StringSplit::assimilate(char*src, char* delim)
{
    int until = untilnextdelim(src, delim);
    if (until > 0)
    {
        char * temp = new char[until + 1];
        memset(temp, 0, until + 1);
        copy_fragment(temp, src, delim);
        if (keep_empty || *temp != 0)
        {
            if (!do_string)
            {
                Container.push_back(temp);
            }
            else
            {
                string x = temp;
                ContainerS.push_back(x);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            delete[] temp;
        }
    }
}

long StringSplit::calc_string_size(char* _in)
{
    long i = 0;
    while (*_in++)
    {
        i++;
    }
    return i;
}

bool StringSplit::string_contains(char* haystack, char* needle)
{
    size_t len = calc_string_size(needle);
    size_t lenh = calc_string_size(haystack);
    while (lenh--)
    {
        if (match_fragment(haystack + lenh, needle, len))
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

bool StringSplit::match_fragment(char* _src, char* cmp, int len)
{
    while (len--)
    {
        if (*(_src + len) != *(cmp + len))
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

int StringSplit::untilnextdelim(char* _in, char delim)
{
    size_t len = calc_string_size(_in);
    if (*_in == delim)
    {
        _in += 1;
        return len - 1;
    }

    int c = 0;
    while (*(_in + c) != delim && c < len)
    {
        c++;
    }

    return c;
}

int StringSplit::untilnextdelim(char* _in, char* delim)
{
    int s = calc_string_size(delim);
    int c = 1 + s;

    if (!string_contains(_in, delim))
    {
        return calc_string_size(_in);
    }
    else if (match_fragment(_in, delim, s))
    {
        _in += s;
        return calc_string_size(_in);
    }

    while (!match_fragment(_in + c, delim, s))
    {
        c++;
    }

    return c;
}

void StringSplit::copy_fragment(char* dest, char* src, char delim)
{
    if (*src == delim)
    {
        src++;
    }

    int c = 0;
    while (*(src + c) != delim && *(src + c))
    {
        *(dest + c) = *(src + c);
        c++;
    }
    *(dest + c) = 0;
}

void StringSplit::copy_string(char* dest, char* src)
{
    int i = 0;
    while (*(src + i))
    {
        *(dest + i) = *(src + i);
        i++;
    }
}

void StringSplit::copy_fragment(char* dest, char* src, char* delim)
{
    size_t len = calc_string_size(delim);
    size_t lens = calc_string_size(src);

    if (match_fragment(src, delim, len))
    {
        src += len;
        lens -= len;
    }

    int c = 0;
    while (!match_fragment(src + c, delim, len) && (c < lens))
    {
        *(dest + c) = *(src + c);
        c++;
    }
    *(dest + c) = 0;
}

vector<char*> StringSplit::split_cstr(char Delimiter)
{
    int i = 0;
    while (*String)
    {
        if (*String != Delimiter && i == 0)
        {
            assimilate(String, Delimiter);
        }
        if (*String == Delimiter)
        {
            assimilate(String, Delimiter);
        }
        i++;
        String++;
    }

    String -= i;
    delete[] String;

    return Container;
}

vector<string> StringSplit::split_string(char Delimiter)
{
    do_string = true;

    int i = 0;
    while (*String)
    {
        if (*String != Delimiter && i == 0)
        {
            assimilate(String, Delimiter);
        }
        if (*String == Delimiter)
        {
            assimilate(String, Delimiter);
        }
        i++;
        String++;
    }

    String -= i;
    delete[] String;

    return ContainerS;
}

vector<char*> StringSplit::split_cstr(char* Delimiter)
{
    int i = 0;
    size_t LenDelim = calc_string_size(Delimiter);

    while(*String)
    {
        if (!match_fragment(String, Delimiter, LenDelim) && i == 0)
        {
            assimilate(String, Delimiter);
        }
        if (match_fragment(String, Delimiter, LenDelim))
        {
            assimilate(String,Delimiter);
        }
        i++;
        String++;
    }

    String -= i;
    delete[] String;

    return Container;
}

vector<string> StringSplit::split_string(char* Delimiter)
{
    do_string = true;
    int i = 0;
    size_t LenDelim = calc_string_size(Delimiter);

    while (*String)
    {
        if (!match_fragment(String, Delimiter, LenDelim) && i == 0)
        {
            assimilate(String, Delimiter);
        }
        if (match_fragment(String, Delimiter, LenDelim))
        {
            assimilate(String, Delimiter);
        }
        i++;
        String++;
    }

    String -= i;
    delete[] String;

    return ContainerS;
}

示例:

int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
    StringSplit ss = "This:CUT:is:CUT:an:CUT:example:CUT:cstring";
    vector<char*> Split = ss.split_cstr(":CUT:");

    for (int i = 0; i < Split.size(); i++)
    {
        cout << Split[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

将输出:

这是一实例cst环

int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
    StringSplit ss = "This:is:an:example:cstring";
    vector<char*> Split = ss.split_cstr(':');

    for (int i = 0; i < Split.size(); i++)
    {
        cout << Split[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
    string mystring = "This[SPLIT]is[SPLIT]an[SPLIT]example[SPLIT]string";
    StringSplit ss = mystring;
    vector<string> Split = ss.split_string("[SPLIT]");

    for (int i = 0; i < Split.size(); i++)
    {
        cout << Split[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
    string mystring = "This|is|an|example|string";
    StringSplit ss = mystring;
    vector<string> Split = ss.split_string('|');

    for (int i = 0; i < Split.size(); i++)
    {
        cout << Split[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

要保留空条目(默认情况下将排除空条目):

StringSplit ss = mystring;
ss.keep_empty = true;
vector<string> Split = ss.split_string(":DELIM:");

目标是使其类似于C#的Split()方法,其中拆分字符串非常简单:

String[] Split = 
    "Hey:cut:what's:cut:your:cut:name?".Split(new[]{":cut:"}, StringSplitOptions.None);

foreach(String X in Split)
{
    Console.Write(X);
}

我希望其他人能像我一样觉得这很有用。

我用这个分隔符分隔字符串。第一个将结果放入预先构建的向量中,第二个返回新向量。

#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>

template <typename Out>
void split(const std::string &s, char delim, Out result) {
    std::istringstream iss(s);
    std::string item;
    while (std::getline(iss, item, delim)) {
        *result++ = item;
    }
}

std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &s, char delim) {
    std::vector<std::string> elems;
    split(s, delim, std::back_inserter(elems));
    return elems;
}

请注意,此解决方案不会跳过空令牌,因此下面将找到4项,其中一项为空:

std::vector<std::string> x = split("one:two::three", ':');

我喜欢将boost/regex方法用于此任务,因为它们为指定拆分条件提供了最大的灵活性。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <boost/regex.hpp>

int main() {
    std::string line("A:::line::to:split");
    const boost::regex re(":+"); // one or more colons

    // -1 means find inverse matches aka split
    boost::sregex_token_iterator tokens(line.begin(),line.end(),re,-1);
    boost::sregex_token_iterator end;

    for (; tokens != end; ++tokens)
        std::cout << *tokens << std::endl;
}