如何迭代由空格分隔的单词组成的字符串中的单词?

注意,我对C字符串函数或那种字符操作/访问不感兴趣。比起效率,我更喜欢优雅。我当前的解决方案:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string s = "Somewhere down the road";
    istringstream iss(s);

    do {
        string subs;
        iss >> subs;
        cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;
    } while (iss);
}

当前回答

void splitString(string str, char delim, string array[], const int arraySize)
{
    int delimPosition, subStrSize, subStrStart = 0;

    for (int index = 0; delimPosition != -1; index++)
    {
        delimPosition = str.find(delim, subStrStart);
        subStrSize = delimPosition - subStrStart;
        array[index] = str.substr(subStrStart, subStrSize);
        subStrStart =+ (delimPosition + 1);
    }
}

其他回答

在处理空格作为分隔符时,使用std::istream_iterator<T>的明显答案已经给出,并得到了很多支持。当然,元素可能不是用空格分隔,而是用一些分隔符分隔。我没有找到任何答案,只是重新定义了空格的含义,将其称为分隔符,然后使用常规方法。

要改变流对空白的看法,只需使用(std::istream::imbue())将流的std::locale更改为std::ctype<char>方面,并定义空白的含义(也可以对std:::ctype<wchar_t>进行更改,但实际上略有不同,因为std::actype<char>是表驱动的,而std::type<wchar_t>是由虚拟函数驱动的)。

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <sstream>
#include <locale>

struct whitespace_mask {
    std::ctype_base::mask mask_table[std::ctype<char>::table_size];
    whitespace_mask(std::string const& spaces) {
        std::ctype_base::mask* table = this->mask_table;
        std::ctype_base::mask const* tab
            = std::use_facet<std::ctype<char>>(std::locale()).table();
        for (std::size_t i(0); i != std::ctype<char>::table_size; ++i) {
            table[i] = tab[i] & ~std::ctype_base::space;
        }
        std::for_each(spaces.begin(), spaces.end(), [=](unsigned char c) {
            table[c] |= std::ctype_base::space;
        });
    }
};
class whitespace_facet
    : private whitespace_mask
    , public std::ctype<char> {
public:
    whitespace_facet(std::string const& spaces)
        : whitespace_mask(spaces)
        , std::ctype<char>(this->mask_table) {
    }
};

struct whitespace {
    std::string spaces;
    whitespace(std::string const& spaces): spaces(spaces) {}
};
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, whitespace const& ws) {
    std::locale loc(in.getloc(), new whitespace_facet(ws.spaces));
    in.imbue(loc);
    return in;
}
// everything above would probably go into a utility library...

int main() {
    std::istringstream in("a, b, c, d, e");
    std::copy(std::istream_iterator<std::string>(in >> whitespace(", ")),
              std::istream_iterator<std::string>(),
              std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, "\n"));

    std::istringstream pipes("a b c|  d |e     e");
    std::copy(std::istream_iterator<std::string>(pipes >> whitespace("|")),
              std::istream_iterator<std::string>(),
              std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, "\n"));   
}

大部分代码用于打包提供软分隔符的通用工具:合并一行中的多个分隔符。无法生成空序列。当流中需要不同的分隔符时,您可能会使用共享流缓冲区使用不同的设置流:

void f(std::istream& in) {
    std::istream pipes(in.rdbuf());
    pipes >> whitespace("|");
    std::istream comma(in.rdbuf());
    comma >> whitespace(",");

    std::string s0, s1;
    if (pipes >> s0 >> std::ws   // read up to first pipe and ignore sequence of pipes
        && comma >> s1 >> std::ws) { // read up to first comma and ignore commas
        // ...
    }
}

如果您喜欢使用boost,但希望使用整个字符串作为分隔符(而不是之前提出的大多数解决方案中的单个字符),可以使用boost_split_iterator。

示例代码包括方便的模板:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>

template<typename _OutputIterator>
inline void split(
    const std::string& str, 
    const std::string& delim, 
    _OutputIterator result)
{
    using namespace boost::algorithm;
    typedef split_iterator<std::string::const_iterator> It;

    for(It iter=make_split_iterator(str, first_finder(delim, is_equal()));
            iter!=It();
            ++iter)
    {
        *(result++) = boost::copy_range<std::string>(*iter);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    using namespace std;

    vector<string> splitted;
    split("HelloFOOworldFOO!", "FOO", back_inserter(splitted));

    // or directly to console, for example
    split("HelloFOOworldFOO!", "FOO", ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n"));
    return 0;
}

这是我对这个的看法。我必须一个字一个字地处理输入字符串,这可以通过使用空格来计数单词来完成,但我觉得这会很乏味,我应该将单词分割成向量。

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    char x = '\0';
    string s = "";
    vector<string> q;
    x = getchar();
    while(x != '\n')
    {
        if(x == ' ')
        {
            q.push_back(s);
            s = "";
            x = getchar();
            continue;
        }
        s = s + x;
        x = getchar();
    }
    q.push_back(s);
    for(int i = 0; i<q.size(); i++)
        cout<<q[i]<<" ";
    return 0;
}

不处理多个空间。如果最后一个单词后面没有紧跟换行符,则它包含最后一个词的最后一个字符和换行符之间的空格。

使用std::string_view和Eric Niebler的range-v3库:

https://wandbox.org/permlink/kW5lwRCL1pxjp2pW

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include "range/v3/view.hpp"
#include "range/v3/algorithm.hpp"

int main() {
    std::string s = "Somewhere down the range v3 library";
    ranges::for_each(s  
        |   ranges::view::split(' ')
        |   ranges::view::transform([](auto &&sub) {
                return std::string_view(&*sub.begin(), ranges::distance(sub));
            }),
        [](auto s) {std::cout << "Substring: " << s << "\n";}
    );
}

通过使用循环的范围而不是范围::for_each算法:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include "range/v3/view.hpp"

int main()
{
    std::string str = "Somewhere down the range v3 library";
    for (auto s : str | ranges::view::split(' ')
                      | ranges::view::transform([](auto&& sub) { return std::string_view(&*sub.begin(), ranges::distance(sub)); }
                      ))
    {
        std::cout << "Substring: " << s << "\n";
    }
}

我相信还没有人发布这个解决方案。与其直接使用分隔符,它基本上与boost::split()相同,即它允许您传递一个谓词,如果字符是分隔符,则返回true,否则返回false。我认为这给了程序员更多的控制,最棒的是你不需要提升。

template <class Container, class String, class Predicate>
void split(Container& output, const String& input,
           const Predicate& pred, bool trimEmpty = false) {
    auto it = begin(input);
    auto itLast = it;
    while (it = find_if(it, end(input), pred), it != end(input)) {
        if (not (trimEmpty and it == itLast)) {
            output.emplace_back(itLast, it);
        }
        ++it;
        itLast = it;
    }
}

然后可以这样使用:

struct Delim {
    bool operator()(char c) {
        return not isalpha(c);
    }
};    

int main() {
    string s("#include<iostream>\n"
             "int main() { std::cout << \"Hello world!\" << std::endl; }");

    vector<string> v;

    split(v, s, Delim(), true);
    /* Which is also the same as */
    split(v, s, [](char c) { return not isalpha(c); }, true);

    for (const auto& i : v) {
        cout << i << endl;
    }
}