来自yii2框架

/**
 * Generates a random string of specified length.
 * The string generated matches [A-Za-z0-9_-]+ and is transparent to URL-encoding.
 *
 * @param int $length the length of the key in characters
 * @return string the generated random key
 */

function generateRandomString($length = 10) {
    $bytes = random_bytes($length);
    return substr(strtr(base64_encode($bytes), '+/', '-_'), 0, $length);
}

下面是一个简单的单行程序，它生成一个真正的随机字符串，而不需要任何脚本级循环或使用OpenSSL库。

echo substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat('0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', mt_rand(1,10))), 1, 10);

把它分解，这样参数就清楚了

// Character List to Pick from
$chrList = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';

// Minimum/Maximum times to repeat character List to seed from
$chrRepeatMin = 1; // Minimum times to repeat the seed string
$chrRepeatMax = 10; // Maximum times to repeat the seed string

// Length of Random String returned
$chrRandomLength = 10;

// The ONE LINE random command with the above variables.
echo substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat($chrList, mt_rand($chrRepeatMin,$chrRepeatMax))), 1, $chrRandomLength);

此方法的工作原理是随机重复字符列表，然后打乱组合的字符串，并返回指定的字符数。

您可以进一步随机化它，通过随机化返回字符串的长度，将$chrRandomLength替换为mt_rand(8,15)(用于8到15个字符之间的随机字符串)。

我已经测试了那里最流行的函数的性能，在我的盒子上生成1 000 000个32个符号的字符串所需的时间是:

2.5 $s = substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat($x='0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', ceil($length/strlen($x)) )),1,32);
1.9 $s = base64_encode(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(24));
1.68 $s = bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16));
0.63 $s = base64_encode(random_bytes(24));
0.62 $s = bin2hex(random_bytes(16));
0.37 $s = substr(md5(rand()), 0, 32);
0.37 $s = substr(md5(mt_rand()), 0, 32);

请注意，它到底有多长并不重要，重要的是哪个更慢，哪个更快，因此您可以根据您的要求进行选择，包括密码准备等。

如果需要小于32个字符的字符串，则在MD5周围添加substr()以保证准确性。

为了回答:字符串没有被连接，而是被覆盖，函数的结果没有被存储。

具有上面讨论的一些函数的类。

$options['numeric'] = true;
$options['uppercase'] = true;
$options['lowercase'] = true;
$new = new RandomString($options);

class RandomString
{
    /**
     * @var array
     */
    private $default = ['numeric' => true, 'uppercase' => true, 'lowercase' => true];

    /**
     * @var array
     */
    private $options;

    /**
     * array
     */
    private $whitelist = ['numeric', 'uppercase', 'lowercase'];

    /**
     * RandomString constructor.
     *
     * @param array $options
     */
    public function __construct(array $options = [])
    {
        $this->options = $this->default;
        if(!empty($options))
        {
            $options = array_intersect_key($options, array_flip($this->whitelist));
            if(empty($options))
            {
                $this->options = $this->default;
            }else
            {
                $this->options = $options;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    private function returnCharacters(){

        $options = $this->options;

        $numbers = '0123456789';
        $uppercase = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
        $lowercase = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

        $characters = '';
        if(isset($options['numeric']) && $options['numeric'] === true){
            $characters .= $numbers;
        }

        if(isset($options['uppercase']) && $options['uppercase'] === true){
            $characters .= $uppercase;
        }

        if(isset($options['lowercase']) && $options['lowercase'] === true){
            $characters .= $lowercase;
        }
        return $characters;
    }

    /**
     * @param $length
     * @param $quantity
     * @return string
     */
    public function randomString($length, $quantity) {

        $string = '';
        $characters = $this->returnCharacters();

        for ($j = 0; $j < $quantity; $j++) {
            for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++){
                $string .= $characters[mt_rand(0, strlen($characters) - 1)];
            }
            $string .= "\n";
        }
        return $string;
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    public function getOptions()
    {
        return $this->options;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getWhitelist()
    {
        return $this->whitelist;
    }

这段代码将帮助:

此函数将返回长度在$maxLength和$minLength之间的随机字符串。

注意:函数random_bytes从PHP 7开始工作。

如果你需要特定的长度，那么$maxLength和$minLength必须相同。

function getRandomString($maxLength = 20, $minLength = 10)
{
    $minLength = $maxLength < $minLength ? $maxLength : $minLength;
    $halfMin = ceil($minLength / 2);
    $halfMax = ceil($maxLength / 2);
    $bytes = random_bytes(rand($halfMin, $halfMax));
    $randomString = bin2hex($bytes);
    $randomString = strlen($randomString) > $maxLength ? substr($randomString, 0, -1) : $randomString;
    return $randomString;
}

试试这个，它可以生成到master的长度。但它简单，适合小字符串。

$master="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
$master_array = str_split($master);
shuffle($master_array);
print_r(implode("",array_slice($master_array,0,10)));