我试图在PHP中创建一个随机字符串,我得到绝对没有输出:

<?php
    function RandomString()
    {
        $characters = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
        $randstring = '';
        for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
            $randstring = $characters[rand(0, strlen($characters))];
        }
        return $randstring;
    }

    RandomString();
    echo $randstring;

我做错了什么?


当前回答

一个班轮。

对于具有唯一性的大字符串,它是快速的。

function random_string($length){
    return substr(str_repeat(md5(rand()), ceil($length/32)), 0, $length);
}

其他回答

这是一个简单的句子。您将得到至少一个小写字母、一个大写字母、一个数字和一个符号。使用random_int,这应该是密码安全的。不过,我并不认为这是安全的。我不是安全专家。

复制+粘贴:(只需将$len更改为所需的长度。)

$len=26;for ($chars = array('0123456789','abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz','ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ','!@#$%^&*()_+-='),$randomString="",$i=0;$i<$len;$i++)$randomString .= substr($chars[$i%4], random_int(0,strlen($chars[$i%4])), 1);
echo $randomString;

再细分一下:

for (
        $chars = array('0123456789','abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz','ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ','!@#$%^&*()_+-='),
        $randomString="",
        $i=0;
        $i<12;$i++)
        $randomString .= 
            substr($chars[$i%4], 
                random_int(0, strlen($chars[$i%4])), 1);

我在循环中使用$chars[$ I %4]来选择从哪组字符中获取随机字符。它保证数组中的每一组字符都有多个字符。

它肯定可以改进(随机设置每个字符集的数量),但对于我的目的来说已经足够好了。

以前的答案会生成不安全或难以输入的密码。

这是安全的,并且提供了用户更有可能实际使用的密码,而不是因为一些薄弱的东西而被丢弃。

// NOTE: On PHP 5.x you will need to install https://github.com/paragonie/random_compat

/**
 * Generate a password that can easily be typed by users.
 *
 * By default, this will sacrifice strength by skipping characters that can cause
 * confusion. Set $allowAmbiguous to allow these characters.
 */
static public function generatePassword($length=12, $mixedCase=true, $numericCount=2, $symbolCount=1, $allowAmbiguous=false, $allowRepeatingCharacters=false)
{
  // sanity check to prevent endless loop
  if ($numericCount + $symbolCount > $length) {
    throw new \Exception('generatePassword(): $numericCount + $symbolCount are too high');
  }

  // generate a basic password with just alphabetic characters
  $chars  = 'qwertyupasdfghjkzxcvbnm';
  if ($mixedCase) {
    $chars .= 'QWERTYUPASDFGHJKZXCVBNML';
  }
  if ($allowAmbiguous) {
    $chars .= 'iol';
    if ($mixedCase) {
      $chars .= 'IO';
    }
  }

  $password = '';
  foreach (range(1, $length) as $index) {
    $char = $chars[random_int(0, strlen($chars) - 1)];

    if (!$allowRepeatingCharacters) {
      while ($char == substr($password, -1)) {
        $char = $chars[random_int(0, strlen($chars) - 1)];
      }
    }

    $password .= $char;
  }


  // add numeric characters
  $takenSubstitutionIndexes = [];

  if ($numericCount > 0) {
    $chars = '23456789';
    if ($allowAmbiguous) {
      $chars .= '10';
    }

    foreach (range(1, $numericCount) as $_) {
      $index = random_int(0, strlen($password) - 1);
      while (in_array($index, $takenSubstitutionIndexes)) {
        $index = random_int(0, strlen($password) - 1);
      }

      $char = $chars[random_int(0, strlen($chars) - 1)];
      if (!$allowRepeatingCharacters) {
        while (substr($password, $index - 1, 1) == $char || substr($password, $index + 1, 1) == $char) {
          $char = $chars[random_int(0, strlen($chars) - 1)];
        }
      }

      $password[$index] = $char;
      $takenSubstitutionIndexes[] = $index;
    }
  }

  // add symbols
  $chars = '!@#$%&*=+?';
  if ($allowAmbiguous) {
    $chars .= '^~-_()[{]};:|\\/,.\'"`<>';
  }

  if ($symbolCount > 0) {
    foreach (range(1, $symbolCount) as $_) {
      $index = random_int(0, strlen($password) - 1);
      while (in_array($index, $takenSubstitutionIndexes)) {
        $index = random_int(0, strlen($password) - 1);
      }

      $char = $chars[random_int(0, strlen($chars) - 1)];
      if (!$allowRepeatingCharacters) {
        while (substr($password, $index - 1, 1) == $char || substr($password, $index + 1, 1) == $char) {
          $char = $chars[random_int(0, strlen($chars) - 1)];
        }
      }

      $password[$index] = $char;
      $takenSubstitutionIndexes[] = $index;
    }
  }

  return $password;
}

我想要特定字符和预设长度的伪随机字符串。我希望当前版本的PHP具有最高质量的伪随机性,此时它可以是v5、v6、v7或v8,并且可以使用默认配置或特殊配置。为了解决这种混乱,我在这里选取了其他几个答案,并包含了函数可用性条件。

使用。要全局使用它,给$VALID_ID_CHARS赋值你想要的字符,然后调用它:

$VALID_ID_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
$myNewRandomId = makeId(6);
function makeId($desiredLen)
{
    global $VALID_ID_CHARS;
    if ($desiredLen < 1) {
        throw new \RangeException("Length must be a positive integer");
    }
    $vLen = 0;
    if (function_exists('mb_strlen')) {
        $vLen = mb_strlen($VALID_ID_CHARS, '8bit') - 1;
    } else {
        $vLen = strlen($VALID_ID_CHARS) - 1;
    }
    if (function_exists('random_int')) {
        $pieces = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i < $desiredLen; ++$i) {
            $pieces[] = $VALID_ID_CHARS[random_int(0, $vLen)];
        }
        return implode('', $pieces);
    }
    if (function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
        $random = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($desiredLen);
        $id = '';
        for ($i = 0; $i < $desiredLen; ++$i) {
            $id .= $VALID_ID_CHARS[ord($random[$i]) % $vLen];
        }
        return $id;
    }
    http_response_code(500);
    die('random id generation failed. either random_int or openssl_random_pseudo_bytes is needed');
}

这个问题有很多答案,但没有一个是利用加密安全伪随机数生成器(CSPRNG)的。

简单、安全、正确的答案是使用RandomLib,不要白费力气。

对于那些坚持发明自己的解决方案的人,PHP 7.0.0将为此目的提供random_int();如果你还在使用PHP 5。x,我们为random_int()写了一个PHP 5的polyfill,这样你甚至可以在升级到PHP 7之前使用新的API。

在PHP中安全地生成随机整数并不是一项简单的任务。在生产环境中部署自己开发的算法之前,您应该始终与常驻StackExchange密码学专家进行检查。

有了安全的整数生成器,使用CSPRNG生成随机字符串就像在公园里散步一样简单。

创建安全的随机字符串

/**
 * Generate a random string, using a cryptographically secure 
 * pseudorandom number generator (random_int)
 *
 * This function uses type hints now (PHP 7+ only), but it was originally
 * written for PHP 5 as well.
 * 
 * For PHP 7, random_int is a PHP core function
 * For PHP 5.x, depends on https://github.com/paragonie/random_compat
 * 
 * @param int $length      How many characters do we want?
 * @param string $keyspace A string of all possible characters
 *                         to select from
 * @return string
 */
function random_str(
    int $length = 64,
    string $keyspace = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
): string {
    if ($length < 1) {
        throw new \RangeException("Length must be a positive integer");
    }
    $pieces = [];
    $max = mb_strlen($keyspace, '8bit') - 1;
    for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) {
        $pieces []= $keyspace[random_int(0, $max)];
    }
    return implode('', $pieces);
}

用法:

$a = random_str(32);
$b = random_str(8, 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz');
$c = random_str();

演示:https://3v4l.org/IMJGF(忽略PHP 5失败;它需要random_compat)

在这种方法中,您可以在创建时选择字符长度。

<?php
    $random_string = "";
    $character_count = 12;
    for($i=1; $i <= $character_count; $i++)
    {
        $random_string .= chr(rand(97, 122));
    }
    echo $random_string;
?>