我正致力于将单元测试集成到我所在团队的开发过程中,有一些人对此持怀疑态度。有什么好方法可以让团队中持怀疑态度的开发人员相信单元测试的价值?在我的具体情况下,我们将在添加功能或修复错误时添加单元测试。不幸的是,我们的代码库并不容易进行测试。


当前回答

One of the best things about unit testing is that your code will become easier to test as you do it. Preexisting code created without tests is always a challenge because since they weren't meant to be unit-tested, it's not rare to have a high level of coupling between classes, hard-to-configure objects inside your class - like an e-mail sending service reference - and so on. But don't let this bring you down! You'll see that your overall code design will become better as you start to write unit-tests, and the more you test, the more confident you'll become on making even more changes to it without fear of breaking you application or introducing bugs.

There are several reasons to unit-test your code, but as time progresses, you'll find out that the time you save on testing is one of the best reasons to do it. In a system I've just delivered, I insisted on doing automated unit-testing in spite of the claims that I'd spend way more time doing the tests than I would by testing the system manually. With all my unit tests done, I run more than 400 test cases in less than 10 minutes, and every time I had to do a small change in the code, all it took me to be sure the code was still working without bugs was ten minutes. Can you imagine the time one would spend to run those 400+ test cases by hand?

当涉及到自动化测试——无论是单元测试还是验收测试——每个人都认为编写可以手动完成的代码是浪费精力,有时这是真的——如果你计划只运行一次测试的话。自动化测试最好的部分是,您可以毫不费力地运行它们几次,并且在第二次或第三次运行之后,您所浪费的时间和精力已经得到了补偿。

最后一个建议是,不仅要对代码进行单元测试,还要先进行测试(详见TDD和BDD)。

其他回答

单元测试适用于QA人员或你的经理,而不是你;所以绝对不值得。

您应该专注于编写正确的代码(不管这意味着什么),而不是测试用例。让其他人去担心吧。

One of the best things about unit testing is that your code will become easier to test as you do it. Preexisting code created without tests is always a challenge because since they weren't meant to be unit-tested, it's not rare to have a high level of coupling between classes, hard-to-configure objects inside your class - like an e-mail sending service reference - and so on. But don't let this bring you down! You'll see that your overall code design will become better as you start to write unit-tests, and the more you test, the more confident you'll become on making even more changes to it without fear of breaking you application or introducing bugs.

There are several reasons to unit-test your code, but as time progresses, you'll find out that the time you save on testing is one of the best reasons to do it. In a system I've just delivered, I insisted on doing automated unit-testing in spite of the claims that I'd spend way more time doing the tests than I would by testing the system manually. With all my unit tests done, I run more than 400 test cases in less than 10 minutes, and every time I had to do a small change in the code, all it took me to be sure the code was still working without bugs was ten minutes. Can you imagine the time one would spend to run those 400+ test cases by hand?

当涉及到自动化测试——无论是单元测试还是验收测试——每个人都认为编写可以手动完成的代码是浪费精力,有时这是真的——如果你计划只运行一次测试的话。自动化测试最好的部分是,您可以毫不费力地运行它们几次,并且在第二次或第三次运行之后,您所浪费的时间和精力已经得到了补偿。

最后一个建议是,不仅要对代码进行单元测试,还要先进行测试(详见TDD和BDD)。

@George Stocker“不幸的是,我们的代码库并不适合简单的测试。”每个人都同意单元测试有好处,但对于这个代码库来说,成本似乎很高。如果成本大于收益,那么他们为什么要对此充满热情呢?倾听你同事的意见;也许对他们来说,单元测试的痛苦比单元测试的价值更大。

具体地说,尽量尽快获得价值,而不是一些感觉良好的“xUnit是绿色的”价值,而是用户和维护者所重视的干净代码。也许您必须为一次迭代强制进行单元测试,然后讨论是否值得这样做。

单元测试绝对是值得付出努力的。不幸的是,您选择了一个困难的(但不幸的是常见的)场景来实现它。

从单元测试中获得的最大好处是从头开始使用它——在一些精选的小项目中,我有幸在实现类之前编写单元测试(此时接口已经完成)。通过适当的单元测试,您可以在类还处于婴儿期时就发现并修复它们,而不是在将来毫无疑问会集成到复杂系统中的任何地方。

如果您的软件是完全面向对象的,那么您应该能够在类级别上添加单元测试,而不需要太多的努力。如果您没有那么幸运,您仍然应该尽可能地尝试合并单元测试。确保当你添加新功能时,新部分都有清晰的接口,你会发现单元测试让你的工作变得更容易。

我最近在我的工作场所经历了完全相同的经历,发现大多数人都知道理论上的好处,但必须具体地向他们推销这些好处,所以下面是我使用的(成功地)要点:

它们在执行负测试(处理意外输入(空指针、越界值等)时节省了时间,因为您可以在单个进程中完成所有这些。 它们在编译时提供关于更改标准的即时反馈。 它们对于测试在正常运行时可能不会公开的内部数据表示非常有用。

还有那个大的…

您可能不需要单元测试,但是当其他人进入并在没有完全理解的情况下修改代码时,它可以捕捉到他们可能犯的许多愚蠢的错误。