在Python中，是否有一种方法可以通过ICMP来ping服务器，如果服务器响应则返回TRUE，如果没有响应则返回FALSE ?
当前回答
在linux上，可以创建ICMP数据报(不是原始)套接字，而不需要root(或setuid或CAP_NET_RAW): https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/592914。最后我得到了
$ id
uid=1000(raylu) gid=1000(raylu) [...]
$ sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ping_group_range='1000 1000'
import socket
import struct
import time
def main():
ping('192.168.1.10')
def ping(destination):
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.getprotobyname('icmp'))
sock.settimeout(10.0)
start_time = time.time_ns() # python 3.7+ only
payload = struct.pack('L', start_time)
sock.sendto(encode(payload), (destination, 0))
while (time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000_000 < 10:
try:
data, source = sock.recvfrom(256)
except socket.timeout:
print('timed out')
return
message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number = struct.unpack('bbHHh', data[:8])
if source == (destination, 0) and message_type == ICMP.ECHO_REPLY and data[8:] == payload:
print((time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000, 'ms')
break
else:
print('got unexpected packet from %s:' % source[0], message_type, data[8:])
else:
print('timed out')
def encode(payload: bytes):
# calculate checksum with check set to 0
checksum = calc_checksum(icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, 0, 1, 1) + payload)
# craft the packet again with the checksum set
return icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, checksum, 1, 1) + payload
def icmp_header(message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number) -> bytes:
return struct.pack('bbHHh', message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number)
def calc_checksum(data: bytes) -> int:
'''RFC 1071'''
# code stolen from https://github.com/alessandromaggio/pythonping/blob/a59ce65a/pythonping/icmp.py#L8
'''
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2018 Alessandro Maggio
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
'''
subtotal = 0
for i in range(0, len(data)-1, 2):
subtotal += (data[i] << 8) + data[i+1]
if len(data) % 2:
subtotal += (data[len(data)-1] << 8)
while subtotal >> 16:
subtotal = (subtotal & 0xFFFF) + (subtotal >> 16)
check = ~subtotal
return ((check << 8) & 0xFF00) | ((check >> 8) & 0x00FF)
class ICMP:
ECHO_REPLY = 0
ECHO_REQUEST = 8
虽然这里其他答案建议的许多软件包也可以工作
其他回答
使用这个，它在python 2.7上测试过，工作很好，如果成功，它返回以毫秒为单位的ping时间，失败时返回False。
import platform,subproccess,re
def Ping(hostname,timeout):
if platform.system() == "Windows":
command="ping "+hostname+" -n 1 -w "+str(timeout*1000)
else:
command="ping -i "+str(timeout)+" -c 1 " + hostname
proccess = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
matches=re.match('.*time=([0-9]+)ms.*', proccess.stdout.read(),re.DOTALL)
if matches:
return matches.group(1)
else:
return False
在linux上，可以创建ICMP数据报(不是原始)套接字，而不需要root(或setuid或CAP_NET_RAW): https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/592914。最后我得到了
$ id
uid=1000(raylu) gid=1000(raylu) [...]
$ sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ping_group_range='1000 1000'
import socket
import struct
import time
def main():
ping('192.168.1.10')
def ping(destination):
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.getprotobyname('icmp'))
sock.settimeout(10.0)
start_time = time.time_ns() # python 3.7+ only
payload = struct.pack('L', start_time)
sock.sendto(encode(payload), (destination, 0))
while (time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000_000 < 10:
try:
data, source = sock.recvfrom(256)
except socket.timeout:
print('timed out')
return
message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number = struct.unpack('bbHHh', data[:8])
if source == (destination, 0) and message_type == ICMP.ECHO_REPLY and data[8:] == payload:
print((time.time_ns() - start_time) // 1_000_000, 'ms')
break
else:
print('got unexpected packet from %s:' % source[0], message_type, data[8:])
else:
print('timed out')
def encode(payload: bytes):
# calculate checksum with check set to 0
checksum = calc_checksum(icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, 0, 1, 1) + payload)
# craft the packet again with the checksum set
return icmp_header(ICMP.ECHO_REQUEST, 0, checksum, 1, 1) + payload
def icmp_header(message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number) -> bytes:
return struct.pack('bbHHh', message_type, message_code, check, identifier, sequence_number)
def calc_checksum(data: bytes) -> int:
'''RFC 1071'''
# code stolen from https://github.com/alessandromaggio/pythonping/blob/a59ce65a/pythonping/icmp.py#L8
'''
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2018 Alessandro Maggio
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
'''
subtotal = 0
for i in range(0, len(data)-1, 2):
subtotal += (data[i] << 8) + data[i+1]
if len(data) % 2:
subtotal += (data[len(data)-1] << 8)
while subtotal >> 16:
subtotal = (subtotal & 0xFFFF) + (subtotal >> 16)
check = ~subtotal
return ((check << 8) & 0xFF00) | ((check >> 8) & 0x00FF)
class ICMP:
ECHO_REPLY = 0
ECHO_REQUEST = 8
虽然这里其他答案建议的许多软件包也可以工作
#!/usr/bin/python3
import subprocess as sp
ip = "192.168.122.60"
status,result = sp.getstatusoutput("ping -c1 -w2 " + ip)
if status == 0:
print("System " + ip + " is UP !")
else:
print("System " + ip + " is DOWN !")
我的解决方法是:
def ping(self, host):
res = False
ping_param = "-n 1" if system_name().lower() == "windows" else "-c 1"
resultado = os.popen("ping " + ping_param + " " + host).read()
if "TTL=" in resultado:
res = True
return res
“TTL”是判断ping是否正确的方法。 Saludos
对于python3，有一个非常简单方便的python模块ping3:(pip安装ping3，需要root权限)。
from ping3 import ping, verbose_ping
ping('example.com') # Returns delay in seconds.
>>> 0.215697261510079666
这个模块还允许自定义一些参数。
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