看起来很简单，但却让我头疼。我一直得到“icmp打开套接字操作不允许”，否则解决方案将挂起，如果服务器离线。然而，如果你想知道的是服务器是活的，并且你在该服务器上运行一个web服务器，那么curl将完成这项工作。如果您有ssh和证书，那么ssh和一个简单的命令就足够了。代码如下:

from easyprocess import EasyProcess # as root: pip install EasyProcess
def ping(ip):
    ping="ssh %s date;exit"%(ip) # test ssh alive or
    ping="curl -IL %s"%(ip)      # test if http alive
    response=len(EasyProcess(ping).call(timeout=2).stdout)
    return response #integer 0 if no response in 2 seconds

#!/usr/bin/python3

import subprocess as sp

def ipcheck():
    status,result = sp.getstatusoutput("ping -c1 -w2 " + str(pop))
    if status == 0:
        print("System " + str(pop) + " is UP !")
    else:
        print("System " + str(pop) + " is DOWN !")


pop = input("Enter the ip address: ")
ipcheck()

WINDOWS ONLY -不敢相信没有人破解Win32_PingStatus 使用一个简单的WMI查询，我们可以免费返回一个包含非常详细信息的对象

import wmi


# new WMI object
c = wmi.WMI()

# here is where the ping actually is triggered
x = c.Win32_PingStatus(Address='google.com')

# how big is this thing? - 1 element
print 'length x: ' ,len(x)


#lets look at the object 'WMI Object:\n'
print x


#print out the whole returned object
# only x[0] element has values in it
print '\nPrint Whole Object - can directly reference the field names:\n'
for i in x:
    print i



#just a single field in the object - Method 1
print 'Method 1 ( i is actually x[0] ) :'
for i in x:
    print 'Response:\t', i.ResponseTime, 'ms'
    print 'TTL:\t', i.TimeToLive


#or better yet directly access the field you want
print '\npinged ', x[0].ProtocolAddress, ' and got reply in ', x[0].ResponseTime, 'ms'

样例输出

我自己的方法结合了上面的几个答案:

def ping(host, show_log=False, package_count=1):
    ping.param = "-n" if platform.system().lower() == 'windows' else "-c"
    result = subprocess.run(['ping', ping.param, str(package_count), host],
                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
    output = result.stdout
    if show_log:
        print('return code: ', result.returncode)
        print(output.decode("utf-8"))
    return result.returncode == 0 and (b'TTL=' in output or b'ttl=' in output)

在OSX Monterey上测试。

我的版本的ping函数:

适用于Python 3.5及更高版本，适用于Windows和Linux。 在Windows上，如果ping命令失败且“目标主机不可达”，则返回False。 并且不显示任何输出，无论是弹出窗口还是命令行。

import platform, subprocess

def ping(host_or_ip, packets=1, timeout=1000):
    ''' Calls system "ping" command, returns True if ping succeeds.
    Required parameter: host_or_ip (str, address of host to ping)
    Optional parameters: packets (int, number of retries), timeout (int, ms to wait for response)
    Does not show any output, either as popup window or in command line.
    Python 3.5+, Windows and Linux compatible
    '''
    # The ping command is the same for Windows and Linux, except for the "number of packets" flag.
    if platform.system().lower() == 'windows':
        command = ['ping', '-n', str(packets), '-w', str(timeout), host_or_ip]
        # run parameters: capture output, discard error messages, do not show window
        result = subprocess.run(command, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, creationflags=0x08000000)
        # 0x0800000 is a windows-only Popen flag to specify that a new process will not create a window.
        # On Python 3.7+, you can use a subprocess constant:
        #   result = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NO_WINDOW)
        # On windows 7+, ping returns 0 (ok) when host is not reachable; to be sure host is responding,
        # we search the text "TTL=" on the command output. If it's there, the ping really had a response.
        return result.returncode == 0 and b'TTL=' in result.stdout
    else:
        command = ['ping', '-c', str(packets), '-w', str(timeout), host_or_ip]
        # run parameters: discard output and error messages
        result = subprocess.run(command, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
        return result.returncode == 0

你想怎么用就怎么用。

如果您的服务器不支持ICMP(防火墙可能会阻止它)，它很可能仍然在TCP端口上提供服务。在这种情况下，你可以像这样执行TCP ping1(平台独立，无需安装额外的python模块):

import socket

def isReachable(ipOrName, port, timeout=2):
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    s.settimeout(timeout)
    try:
        s.connect((ipOrName, int(port)))
        s.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
        return True
    except:
        return False
    finally:
        s.close()

代码从这里开始只做了轻微的修改。

1 TCP ping并不真正存在，因为ping是在ISO/OSI第三层用ICMP执行的。TCP ping在ISO/OSI第4层执行。它只是试图以最基本的方式连接到TCP端口，即不传输任何数据，而是在连接后立即关闭连接。