阅读了所有的答案，没有找到任何非冗长和干燥的解决方案。我使用这一行：

const modes = ['DRAW', 'SCALE', 'DRAG'].reduce((o, v) => ({ ...o, [v]: v }), {});

它生成具有人类可读值的对象：

{
  DRAW: 'DRAW',
  SCALE: 'SCALE',
  DRAG: 'DRAG'
}

我认为它很容易使用。https://stackoverflow.com/a/32245370/4365315

var A = {a:11, b:22}, 
enumA = new TypeHelper(A);

if(enumA.Value === A.b || enumA.Key === "a"){ 
... 
}

var keys = enumA.getAsList();//[object, object]

//set
enumA.setType(22, false);//setType(val, isKey)

enumA.setType("a", true);

enumA.setTypeByIndex(1);

更新：

这是我的助手代码（TypeHelper）。

var助手={isEmpty：函数（obj）{回来obj | | obj===null | | obj===未定义| | Array.isArray（obj）&&obj.length===0；},isObject：函数（obj）{return（对象类型==“object”）；},sortObjectKeys:函数（对象）{return Object.keys（对象）.sort（函数（a，b）{c=a-b；返回c});},containsItem:函数（arr，item）{if（arr&&Array.isArray（arr））{return arr.indexOf（项）>-1；}其他{返回arr==项；}},pushArray：函数（arr1，arr2）{if（arr1&&arr2&&Array.isArray（arr1））{arr1.push.apply（arr1，Array.isArray（arr2）？arr2:[arr2]）；}}};函数TypeHelper（）{var_types=参数[0]，_defTypeIndex＝0，_电流类型，_值，_allKeys=助手.sortObjectKeys（_types）；if（arguments.length==2）{_defTypeIndex=参数[1]；}对象定义属性（this{关键字：{get:函数（）{return _currentType；},集合：函数（val）{_currentType.setType（val，true）；},可枚举：真},值：{get:函数（）{返回类型[_currentType]；},集合：函数（val）{_value.setType（val，false）；},可枚举：真}});this.getAsList=函数（键）{var列表=[]；_allKeys.forEach（函数（键、idx、数组）{if（键和类型[key]）{if（！Helper.isEmpty（keys）&&Helper.containsItem（keys，key）|| Helper.isEmpty（key））{var json=｛｝；json.Key=密钥；json.Value=_types[key]；Helper.pushArray（列表，json）；}}});返回列表；};this.setType=函数（值，isKey）{if（！Helper.isEmpty（value））{Object.keys（_types）.forEach（函数（key，idx，array）{if（Helper.isObject（值））{if（value&&value.Key==Key）{_currentType=键；}}else if（isKey）{if（value&&value.toString（）==key.toString（））{_currentType=键；}}否则如果（value&&value.toString（）==_types[key]）{_currentType=键；}});}其他{this.setDefaultType（）；}return isKey_类型[_currentType]：_currentType；};this.setTypeByIndex=函数（索引）{对于（变量i=0；i<_allKeys.length；i++）{如果（索引==i）{_currentType=_allKeys[index]；打破}}};this.setDefaultType=函数（）{this.setTypeByIndex（_defTypeIndex）；};this.setDefaultType（）；}变量类型A={“-1”：“任意”，“2”：“2L”，“100”：“100L”，“200”：“200L”，“1000”：“1000升”};var enumA=新的TypeHelper（TypeA，4）；document.writeln（“Key=”，enumA.Key，”，Value=“，enumA.Value，”<br>“）；enumA.setType（“200L”，假）；document.writeln（“Key=”，enumA.Key，”，Value=“，enumA.Value，”<br>“）；enumA.setDefaultType（）；document.writeln（“Key=”，enumA.Key，”，Value=“，enumA.Value，”<br>“）；enumA.setTypeByIndex（1）；document.writeln（“Key=”，enumA.Key，”，Value=“，enumA.Value，”<br>“）；document.writeln（“等于=”，（enumA.Value==TypeA[“2”]））；

我提出了一种以Java中的枚举为模型的方法。这些是类型安全的，因此您也可以执行instanceof检查。

可以这样定义枚举：

var Days = Enum.define("Days", ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]);

Days现在引用Days枚举：

Days.Monday instanceof Days; // true

Days.Friday.name(); // "Friday"
Days.Friday.ordinal(); // 4

Days.Sunday === Days.Sunday; // true
Days.Sunday === Days.Friday; // false

Days.Sunday.toString(); // "Sunday"

Days.toString() // "Days { Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday } "

Days.values().map(function(e) { return e.name(); }); //["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
Days.values()[4].name(); //"Friday"

Days.fromName("Thursday") === Days.Thursday // true
Days.fromName("Wednesday").name() // "Wednesday"
Days.Friday.fromName("Saturday").name() // "Saturday"

实施：

var Enum = (function () {
    /**
     * Function to define an enum
     * @param typeName - The name of the enum.
     * @param constants - The constants on the enum. Can be an array of strings, or an object where each key is an enum
     * constant, and the values are objects that describe attributes that can be attached to the associated constant.
     */
    function define(typeName, constants) {

        /** Check Arguments **/
        if (typeof typeName === "undefined") {
            throw new TypeError("A name is required.");
        }

        if (!(constants instanceof Array) && (Object.getPrototypeOf(constants) !== Object.prototype)) {

            throw new TypeError("The constants parameter must either be an array or an object.");

        } else if ((constants instanceof Array) && constants.length === 0) {

            throw new TypeError("Need to provide at least one constant.");

        } else if ((constants instanceof Array) && !constants.reduce(function (isString, element) {
                return isString && (typeof element === "string");
            }, true)) {

            throw new TypeError("One or more elements in the constant array is not a string.");

        } else if (Object.getPrototypeOf(constants) === Object.prototype && !Object.keys(constants).reduce(function (isObject, constant) {
                return Object.getPrototypeOf(constants[constant]) === Object.prototype;
            }, true)) {

            throw new TypeError("One or more constants do not have an associated object-value.");

        }

        var isArray = (constants instanceof Array);
        var isObject = !isArray;

        /** Private sentinel-object used to guard enum constructor so that no one else can create enum instances **/
        function __() { };

        /** Dynamically define a function with the same name as the enum we want to define. **/
        var __enum = new Function(["__"],
            "return function " + typeName + "(sentinel, name, ordinal) {" +
                "if(!(sentinel instanceof __)) {" +
                    "throw new TypeError(\"Cannot instantiate an instance of " + typeName + ".\");" +
                "}" +

                "this.__name = name;" +
                "this.__ordinal = ordinal;" +
            "}"
        )(__);

        /** Private objects used to maintain enum instances for values(), and to look up enum instances for fromName() **/
        var __values = [];
        var __dict = {};

        /** Attach values() and fromName() methods to the class itself (kind of like static methods). **/
        Object.defineProperty(__enum, "values", {
            value: function () {
                return __values;
            }
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum, "fromName", {
            value: function (name) {
                var __constant = __dict[name]
                if (__constant) {
                    return __constant;
                } else {
                    throw new TypeError(typeName + " does not have a constant with name " + name + ".");
                }
            }
        });

        /**
         * The following methods are available to all instances of the enum. values() and fromName() need to be
         * available to each constant, and so we will attach them on the prototype. But really, they're just
         * aliases to their counterparts on the prototype.
         */
        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "values", {
            value: __enum.values
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "fromName", {
            value: __enum.fromName
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "name", {
            value: function () {
                return this.__name;
            }
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "ordinal", {
            value: function () {
                return this.__ordinal;
            }
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "valueOf", {
            value: function () {
                return this.__name;
            }
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "toString", {
            value: function () {
                return this.__name;
            }
        });

        /**
         * If constants was an array, we can the element values directly. Otherwise, we will have to use the keys
         * from the constants object.
         */
        var _constants = constants;
        if (isObject) {
            _constants = Object.keys(constants);
        }

        /** Iterate over all constants, create an instance of our enum for each one, and attach it to the enum type **/
        _constants.forEach(function (name, ordinal) {
            // Create an instance of the enum
            var __constant = new __enum(new __(), name, ordinal);

            // If constants was an object, we want to attach the provided attributes to the instance.
            if (isObject) {
                Object.keys(constants[name]).forEach(function (attr) {
                    Object.defineProperty(__constant, attr, {
                        value: constants[name][attr]
                    });
                });
            }

            // Freeze the instance so that it cannot be modified.
            Object.freeze(__constant);

            // Attach the instance using the provided name to the enum type itself.
            Object.defineProperty(__enum, name, {
                value: __constant
            });

            // Update our private objects
            __values.push(__constant);
            __dict[name] = __constant;
        });

        /** Define a friendly toString method for the enum **/
        var string = typeName + " { " + __enum.values().map(function (c) {
                return c.name();
            }).join(", ") + " } ";

        Object.defineProperty(__enum, "toString", {
            value: function () {
                return string;
            }
        });

        /** Freeze our private objects **/
        Object.freeze(__values);
        Object.freeze(__dict);

        /** Freeze the prototype on the enum and the enum itself **/
        Object.freeze(__enum.prototype);
        Object.freeze(__enum);

        /** Return the enum **/
        return __enum;
    }

    return {
        define: define
    }

})();

更新05.11.2020：修改为包含静态字段和方法，以更接近地复制“true”枚举行为。

是否有人尝试过使用包含私有字段和“get”访问器的类执行此操作？我意识到私有类字段目前仍处于实验阶段，但它似乎可以用于创建具有不可变字段/财产的类。浏览器支持也不错。唯一不支持它的“主要”浏览器是Firefox（我相信他们很快就会支持）和IE（谁在乎）。

免责声明：我不是一个开发者。我只是在寻找这个问题的答案，并开始思考我有时如何通过创建带有私有字段和受限属性访问器的类来在C#中创建“增强”枚举。

样本类别

class Sizes {
    // Private Fields
    static #_SMALL = 0;
    static #_MEDIUM = 1;
    static #_LARGE = 2;

    // Accessors for "get" functions only (no "set" functions)
    static get SMALL() { return this.#_SMALL; }
    static get MEDIUM() { return this.#_MEDIUM; }
    static get LARGE() { return this.#_LARGE; }
}

现在您应该可以直接调用enums。

Sizes.SMALL; // 0
Sizes.MEDIUM; // 1
Sizes.LARGE; // 2

使用私有字段和有限访问器的组合意味着枚举值得到了很好的保护。

Sizes.SMALL = 10 // Sizes.SMALL is still 0
Sizes._SMALL = 10 // Sizes.SMALL is still 0
Sizes.#_SMALL = 10 // Sizes.SMALL is still 0

更新

我认为我下面的答案不再是用JavaScript编写枚举的最佳方法。有关更多详细信息，请参阅我的博客文章：JavaScript中的枚举。

已经可以提醒名称：

if (currentColor == my.namespace.ColorEnum.RED) {
   // alert name of currentColor (RED: 0)
   var col = my.namespace.ColorEnum;
   for (var name in col) {
     if (col[name] == col.RED)
       alert(name);
   }
}

或者，您可以创建值对象，这样您就可以吃蛋糕了：

var SIZE = {
  SMALL : {value: 0, name: "Small", code: "S"}, 
  MEDIUM: {value: 1, name: "Medium", code: "M"}, 
  LARGE : {value: 2, name: "Large", code: "L"}
};

var currentSize = SIZE.MEDIUM;
if (currentSize == SIZE.MEDIUM) {
  // this alerts: "1: Medium"
  alert(currentSize.value + ": " + currentSize.name);
}

在JavaScript中，因为它是一种动态语言，所以以后甚至可以向集合中添加枚举值：

// Add EXTRALARGE size
SIZE.EXTRALARGE = {value: 3, name: "Extra Large", code: "XL"};

记住，枚举的字段（本例中的值、名称和代码）不需要用于身份检查，只是为了方便。此外，大小属性本身的名称不需要硬编码，也可以动态设置。因此，假设您只知道新枚举值的名称，您仍然可以毫无问题地添加它：

// Add 'Extra Large' size, only knowing it's name
var name = "Extra Large";
SIZE[name] = {value: -1, name: name, code: "?"};

当然，这意味着无法再进行某些假设（例如，该值表示大小的正确顺序）。

记住，在JavaScript中，对象就像一个映射或哈希表。一组名称值对。你可以在事先不了解它们的情况下循环浏览它们或以其他方式操纵它们。

实例

for (var sz in SIZE) {
  // sz will be the names of the objects in SIZE, so
  // 'SMALL', 'MEDIUM', 'LARGE', 'EXTRALARGE'
  var size = SIZE[sz]; // Get the object mapped to the name in sz
  for (var prop in size) {
    // Get all the properties of the size object, iterates over
    // 'value', 'name' and 'code'. You can inspect everything this way.        
  }
} 

顺便说一句，如果你对名称空间感兴趣，你可能想看看我为JavaScript提供的简单但强大的名称空间和依赖关系管理的解决方案：Packages JS

从1.8.5开始，可以密封和冻结物体，因此定义如下：

const DaysEnum = Object.freeze({"monday":1, "tuesday":2, "wednesday":3, ...})

or

const DaysEnum = {"monday":1, "tuesday":2, "wednesday":3, ...}
Object.freeze(DaysEnum)

瞧！JS枚举。

然而，这并不能阻止您为变量赋值，这通常是enums的主要目标：

let day = DaysEnum.tuesday
day = 298832342 // goes through without any errors

确保更强的类型安全性（使用enums或其他）的一种方法是使用TypeScript或Flow等工具。

不需要引用，但我保留了它们以保持一致性。