以下内容是否会使对象满足枚举在JavaScript中的所有特性？类似于：
my.namespace.ColorEnum = {
RED : 0,
GREEN : 1,
BLUE : 2
}
// later on
if(currentColor == my.namespace.ColorEnum.RED) {
// whatever
}
还是有其他方法可以做到这一点？
当前回答
从1.8.5开始，可以密封和冻结物体，因此定义如下：
const DaysEnum = Object.freeze({"monday":1, "tuesday":2, "wednesday":3, ...})
or
const DaysEnum = {"monday":1, "tuesday":2, "wednesday":3, ...}
Object.freeze(DaysEnum)
瞧！JS枚举。
然而，这并不能阻止您为变量赋值，这通常是enums的主要目标：
let day = DaysEnum.tuesday
day = 298832342 // goes through without any errors
确保更强的类型安全性（使用enums或其他）的一种方法是使用TypeScript或Flow等工具。
不需要引用，但我保留了它们以保持一致性。
其他回答
这是我知道的一个旧版本，但它通过TypeScript接口实现的方式是：
var MyEnum;
(function (MyEnum) {
MyEnum[MyEnum["Foo"] = 0] = "Foo";
MyEnum[MyEnum["FooBar"] = 2] = "FooBar";
MyEnum[MyEnum["Bar"] = 1] = "Bar";
})(MyEnum|| (MyEnum= {}));
这使您能够查找返回1的MyEnum.Bar和返回“Bar”的MyEnum[1]，无论声明的顺序如何。
你可以试试这个：
var Enum = Object.freeze({
Role: Object.freeze({ Administrator: 1, Manager: 2, Supervisor: 3 }),
Color:Object.freeze({RED : 0, GREEN : 1, BLUE : 2 })
});
alert(Enum.Role.Supervisor);
alert(Enum.Color.GREEN);
var currentColor=0;
if(currentColor == Enum.Color.RED) {
alert('Its Red');
}
我提出了一种以Java中的枚举为模型的方法。这些是类型安全的，因此您也可以执行instanceof检查。
可以这样定义枚举：
var Days = Enum.define("Days", ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]);
Days现在引用Days枚举：
Days.Monday instanceof Days; // true
Days.Friday.name(); // "Friday"
Days.Friday.ordinal(); // 4
Days.Sunday === Days.Sunday; // true
Days.Sunday === Days.Friday; // false
Days.Sunday.toString(); // "Sunday"
Days.toString() // "Days { Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday } "
Days.values().map(function(e) { return e.name(); }); //["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
Days.values()[4].name(); //"Friday"
Days.fromName("Thursday") === Days.Thursday // true
Days.fromName("Wednesday").name() // "Wednesday"
Days.Friday.fromName("Saturday").name() // "Saturday"
实施：
var Enum = (function () {
/**
* Function to define an enum
* @param typeName - The name of the enum.
* @param constants - The constants on the enum. Can be an array of strings, or an object where each key is an enum
* constant, and the values are objects that describe attributes that can be attached to the associated constant.
*/
function define(typeName, constants) {
/** Check Arguments **/
if (typeof typeName === "undefined") {
throw new TypeError("A name is required.");
}
if (!(constants instanceof Array) && (Object.getPrototypeOf(constants) !== Object.prototype)) {
throw new TypeError("The constants parameter must either be an array or an object.");
} else if ((constants instanceof Array) && constants.length === 0) {
throw new TypeError("Need to provide at least one constant.");
} else if ((constants instanceof Array) && !constants.reduce(function (isString, element) {
return isString && (typeof element === "string");
}, true)) {
throw new TypeError("One or more elements in the constant array is not a string.");
} else if (Object.getPrototypeOf(constants) === Object.prototype && !Object.keys(constants).reduce(function (isObject, constant) {
return Object.getPrototypeOf(constants[constant]) === Object.prototype;
}, true)) {
throw new TypeError("One or more constants do not have an associated object-value.");
}
var isArray = (constants instanceof Array);
var isObject = !isArray;
/** Private sentinel-object used to guard enum constructor so that no one else can create enum instances **/
function __() { };
/** Dynamically define a function with the same name as the enum we want to define. **/
var __enum = new Function(["__"],
"return function " + typeName + "(sentinel, name, ordinal) {" +
"if(!(sentinel instanceof __)) {" +
"throw new TypeError(\"Cannot instantiate an instance of " + typeName + ".\");" +
"}" +
"this.__name = name;" +
"this.__ordinal = ordinal;" +
"}"
)(__);
/** Private objects used to maintain enum instances for values(), and to look up enum instances for fromName() **/
var __values = [];
var __dict = {};
/** Attach values() and fromName() methods to the class itself (kind of like static methods). **/
Object.defineProperty(__enum, "values", {
value: function () {
return __values;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(__enum, "fromName", {
value: function (name) {
var __constant = __dict[name]
if (__constant) {
return __constant;
} else {
throw new TypeError(typeName + " does not have a constant with name " + name + ".");
}
}
});
/**
* The following methods are available to all instances of the enum. values() and fromName() need to be
* available to each constant, and so we will attach them on the prototype. But really, they're just
* aliases to their counterparts on the prototype.
*/
Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "values", {
value: __enum.values
});
Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "fromName", {
value: __enum.fromName
});
Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "name", {
value: function () {
return this.__name;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "ordinal", {
value: function () {
return this.__ordinal;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "valueOf", {
value: function () {
return this.__name;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "toString", {
value: function () {
return this.__name;
}
});
/**
* If constants was an array, we can the element values directly. Otherwise, we will have to use the keys
* from the constants object.
*/
var _constants = constants;
if (isObject) {
_constants = Object.keys(constants);
}
/** Iterate over all constants, create an instance of our enum for each one, and attach it to the enum type **/
_constants.forEach(function (name, ordinal) {
// Create an instance of the enum
var __constant = new __enum(new __(), name, ordinal);
// If constants was an object, we want to attach the provided attributes to the instance.
if (isObject) {
Object.keys(constants[name]).forEach(function (attr) {
Object.defineProperty(__constant, attr, {
value: constants[name][attr]
});
});
}
// Freeze the instance so that it cannot be modified.
Object.freeze(__constant);
// Attach the instance using the provided name to the enum type itself.
Object.defineProperty(__enum, name, {
value: __constant
});
// Update our private objects
__values.push(__constant);
__dict[name] = __constant;
});
/** Define a friendly toString method for the enum **/
var string = typeName + " { " + __enum.values().map(function (c) {
return c.name();
}).join(", ") + " } ";
Object.defineProperty(__enum, "toString", {
value: function () {
return string;
}
});
/** Freeze our private objects **/
Object.freeze(__values);
Object.freeze(__dict);
/** Freeze the prototype on the enum and the enum itself **/
Object.freeze(__enum.prototype);
Object.freeze(__enum);
/** Return the enum **/
return __enum;
}
return {
define: define
}
})();
我对任何答案都不满意，所以我制作了《又一个枚举》（YEA！）。
此实施：
使用最新的JS只需要这一类的声明即可轻松创建enum具有按名称（colors.RED）、字符串（colors[“RED”]）和索引（colors[0]）进行的映射，但只需将字符串作为数组传递将等价于String（）和valueOf（）函数绑定到每个enum对象（如果不希望这样做，可以简单地删除它-不过JS的开销很小）具有可选的全局命名/存储（按名称字符串）创建后冻结枚举对象，使其无法修改
特别感谢Andre‘Fi的回答给了我们一些启发。
代码：
class Enums {
static create({ name = undefined, items = [] }) {
let newEnum = {};
newEnum.length = items.length;
newEnum.items = items;
for (let itemIndex in items) {
//Map by name.
newEnum[items[itemIndex]] = parseInt(itemIndex, 10);
//Map by index.
newEnum[parseInt(itemIndex, 10)] = items[itemIndex];
}
newEnum.toString = Enums.enumToString.bind(newEnum);
newEnum.valueOf = newEnum.toString;
//Optional naming and global registration.
if (name != undefined) {
newEnum.name = name;
Enums[name] = newEnum;
}
//Prevent modification of the enum object.
Object.freeze(newEnum);
return newEnum;
}
static enumToString() {
return "Enum " +
(this.name != undefined ? this.name + " " : "") +
"[" + this.items.toString() + "]";
}
}
用法：
let colors = Enums.create({
name: "COLORS",
items: [ "RED", "GREEN", "BLUE", "PORPLE" ]
});
//Global access, if named.
Enums.COLORS;
colors.items; //Array(4) [ "RED", "GREEN", "BLUE", "PORPLE" ]
colors.length; //4
colors.RED; //0
colors.GREEN; //1
colors.BLUE; //2
colors.PORPLE; //3
colors[0]; //"RED"
colors[1]; //"GREEN"
colors[2]; //"BLUE"
colors[3]; //"PORPLE"
colors.toString(); //"Enum COLORS [RED,GREEN,BLUE,PORPLE]"
//Enum frozen, makes it a real enum.
colors.RED = 9001;
colors.RED; //0
尽管ES2015中只支持静态方法（而不支持静态财产）（请参见§15.2.2.2），但奇怪的是，您可以将以下内容用于Babel和ES2015预设：
class CellState {
v: string;
constructor(v: string) {
this.v = v;
Object.freeze(this);
}
static EMPTY = new CellState('e');
static OCCUPIED = new CellState('o');
static HIGHLIGHTED = new CellState('h');
static values = function(): Array<CellState> {
const rv = [];
rv.push(CellState.EMPTY);
rv.push(CellState.OCCUPIED);
rv.push(CellState.HIGHLIGHTED);
return rv;
}
}
Object.freeze(CellState);
我发现，即使在模块之间（例如，从另一个模块导入CellState枚举），以及在使用Webpack导入模块时，这也能正常工作。
与大多数其他答案相比，此方法的优势在于，您可以将其与静态类型检查器（例如Flow）一起使用，并且您可以在开发时使用静态类型检查断言您的变量、参数等是特定的CellState“enum”，而不是其他枚举（如果您使用了泛型对象或符号，则无法区分）。
使现代化
上面的代码有一个缺点，即它允许创建CellState类型的其他对象（尽管由于CellState被冻结，因此无法将它们分配给CellState的静态字段）。尽管如此，以下更精细的代码提供了以下优点：
不能再创建CellState类型的对象可以保证没有两个枚举实例分配了相同的代码从字符串表示中获取枚举的实用方法返回枚举的所有实例的values函数不必以上述手动（且容易出错）的方式创建返回值。“使用严格”；类状态{构造函数（code，displayName=code）{if（Status.INSTANCES.has（代码））抛出新错误（`重复代码值：[$｛code｝]`）；if（！Status.canCreateMoreInstances）throw new Error（`尝试调用构造函数（$｛code｝`+`，$｛displayName｝）在创建所有静态实例后`）；this.code=代码；this.displayName=显示名称；对象.冻结（this）；Status.INSTANCES.set（this.code，this）；}到字符串（）{return `[code:$｛this.code｝，displayName:$｛this.displayName｝]`；}静态INSTANCES=新映射（）；静态canCreateMoreInstances=true；//值：静态ARCHIVED=新状态（“存档”）；静态观察=新状态（“观察”）；静态调度=新状态（“调度”）；静态UNOBERVED=新状态（“未观察”）；static UNTRIGGERED=新状态（“未触发”）；静态值=函数（）{return Array.from（Status.INSTANCES.values（））；}静态fromCode（代码）{if（！Status.INSTANCES.has（代码））抛出新错误（“未知代码：$｛code｝”）；其他的return Status.INSTANCES.get（代码）；}}Status.canCreateMoreInstances=false；对象冻结（状态）；exports.Status=状态；
