以下内容是否会使对象满足枚举在JavaScript中的所有特性?类似于:
my.namespace.ColorEnum = {
RED : 0,
GREEN : 1,
BLUE : 2
}
// later on
if(currentColor == my.namespace.ColorEnum.RED) {
// whatever
}
还是有其他方法可以做到这一点?
以下内容是否会使对象满足枚举在JavaScript中的所有特性?类似于:
my.namespace.ColorEnum = {
RED : 0,
GREEN : 1,
BLUE : 2
}
// later on
if(currentColor == my.namespace.ColorEnum.RED) {
// whatever
}
还是有其他方法可以做到这一点?
当前回答
从1.8.5开始,可以密封和冻结物体,因此定义如下:
const DaysEnum = Object.freeze({"monday":1, "tuesday":2, "wednesday":3, ...})
or
const DaysEnum = {"monday":1, "tuesday":2, "wednesday":3, ...}
Object.freeze(DaysEnum)
瞧!JS枚举。
然而,这并不能阻止您为变量赋值,这通常是enums的主要目标:
let day = DaysEnum.tuesday
day = 298832342 // goes through without any errors
确保更强的类型安全性(使用enums或其他)的一种方法是使用TypeScript或Flow等工具。
不需要引用,但我保留了它们以保持一致性。
其他回答
我编写了enumeranjs一个非常小的库来解决这个问题,它确保了类型安全,允许枚举常量从原型继承,保证枚举常量和枚举类型是不可变的+许多小特性。它允许重构大量代码,并在枚举定义中移动一些逻辑。下面是一个示例:
var CloseEventCodes = new Enumeration("closeEventCodes", {
CLOSE_NORMAL: { _id: 1000, info: "Connection closed normally" },
CLOSE_GOING_AWAY: { _id: 1001, info: "Connection closed going away" },
CLOSE_PROTOCOL_ERROR: { _id: 1002, info: "Connection closed due to protocol error" },
CLOSE_UNSUPPORTED: { _id: 1003, info: "Connection closed due to unsupported operation" },
CLOSE_NO_STATUS: { _id: 1005, info: "Connection closed with no status" },
CLOSE_ABNORMAL: { _id: 1006, info: "Connection closed abnormally" },
CLOSE_TOO_LARGE: { _id: 1009, info: "Connection closed due to too large packet" }
},{ talk: function(){
console.log(this.info);
}
});
CloseEventCodes.CLOSE_TOO_LARGE.talk(); //prints "Connection closed due to too large packet"
CloseEventCodes.CLOSE_TOO_LARGE instanceof CloseEventCodes //evaluates to true
枚举基本上是一个工厂。
此处提供完整记录的指南。希望这有帮助。
我制作了一个Enum类,它可以在O(1)处获取值和名称。它还可以生成包含所有名称和值的对象数组。
function Enum(obj) {
// Names must be unique, Values do not.
// Putting same values for different Names is risky for this implementation
this._reserved = {
_namesObj: {},
_objArr: [],
_namesArr: [],
_valuesArr: [],
_selectOptionsHTML: ""
};
for (k in obj) {
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
this[k] = obj[k];
this._reserved._namesObj[obj[k]] = k;
}
}
}
(function () {
this.GetName = function (val) {
if (typeof this._reserved._namesObj[val] === "undefined")
return null;
return this._reserved._namesObj[val];
};
this.GetValue = function (name) {
if (typeof this[name] === "undefined")
return null;
return this[name];
};
this.GetObjArr = function () {
if (this._reserved._objArr.length == 0) {
var arr = [];
for (k in this) {
if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
if (k != "_reserved")
arr.push({
Name: k,
Value: this[k]
});
}
this._reserved._objArr = arr;
}
return this._reserved._objArr;
};
this.GetNamesArr = function () {
if (this._reserved._namesArr.length == 0) {
var arr = [];
for (k in this) {
if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
if (k != "_reserved")
arr.push(k);
}
this._reserved._namesArr = arr;
}
return this._reserved._namesArr;
};
this.GetValuesArr = function () {
if (this._reserved._valuesArr.length == 0) {
var arr = [];
for (k in this) {
if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
if (k != "_reserved")
arr.push(this[k]);
}
this._reserved._valuesArr = arr;
}
return this._reserved._valuesArr;
};
this.GetSelectOptionsHTML = function () {
if (this._reserved._selectOptionsHTML.length == 0) {
var html = "";
for (k in this) {
if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
if (k != "_reserved")
html += "<option value='" + this[k] + "'>" + k + "</option>";
}
this._reserved._selectOptionsHTML = html;
}
return this._reserved._selectOptionsHTML;
};
}).call(Enum.prototype);
您可以这样初始化:
var enum1 = new Enum({
item1: 0,
item2: 1,
item3: 2
});
要获取值(如C#中的枚举):
var val2 = enum1.item2;
要获取某个值的名称(将相同的值用于不同的名称时可能会不明确):
var name1 = enum1.GetName(0); // "item1"
要获取对象中每个名称和值的数组,请执行以下操作:
var arr = enum1.GetObjArr();
将生成:
[{ Name: "item1", Value: 0}, { ... }, ... ]
您还可以轻松获得html选择选项:
var html = enum1.GetSelectOptionsHTML();
其中包含:
"<option value='0'>item1</option>..."
阅读了所有的答案,没有找到任何非冗长和干燥的解决方案。我使用这一行:
const modes = ['DRAW', 'SCALE', 'DRAG'].reduce((o, v) => ({ ...o, [v]: v }), {});
它生成具有人类可读值的对象:
{
DRAW: 'DRAW',
SCALE: 'SCALE',
DRAG: 'DRAG'
}
您可以使用一个简单的函数来反转键和值,当它将数字整数字符串转换为数字时,它也可以处理数组。代码小、简单,可用于此用例和其他用例。
var objInvert=函数(obj){var反转={}for(对象中的变量i){如果(i.match(/^\d+$/))i=parseInt(i,10)反转[obj[i]]=i}返回反转}var musicStyles=对象冻结(objInvert(['ROCK','SURF','METAL',“BOSSA-NOVA”、“op”、“die”]))console.log(音乐样式)
var ColorEnum = {
red: {},
green: {},
blue: {}
}
您不需要确保不以这种方式将重复的数字分配给不同的枚举值。一个新对象被实例化并分配给所有枚举值。