我必须用sprintf格式化std::string，并将其发送到文件流。我该怎么做呢?
当前回答
如果缓冲区不够大，无法打印字符串，就会出现问题。在打印格式化消息之前，必须确定格式化字符串的长度。 我制作了自己的帮助器(在Windows和Linux GCC上测试)，您可以尝试使用它。
String.cpp: http://pastebin.com/DnfvzyKP String.h: http://pastebin.com/7U6iCUMa
String.cpp:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
using ::std::string;
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
#ifndef va_copy
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define va_copy(dst, src) dst=src
#elif !(__cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
#define va_copy(dst, src) memcpy((void*)dst, (void*)src, sizeof(*src))
#endif
#endif
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
int length;
va_list apStrLen;
va_copy(apStrLen, ap);
length = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, apStrLen);
va_end(apStrLen);
if (length > 0) {
dst.resize(length);
vsnprintf((char *)dst.data(), dst.size() + 1, format, ap);
} else {
dst = "Format error! format: ";
dst.append(format);
}
}
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw() {
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
toString(dst, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw() {
string dst;
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
toString(dst, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
return dst;
}
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
string dst;
toString(dst, format, ap);
return dst;
}
int main() {
int a = 32;
const char * str = "This works!";
string test(toString("\nSome testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, str));
printf(test.c_str());
a = 0x7fffffff;
test = toString("\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This works too..");
printf(test.c_str());
a = 0x80000000;
toString(test, "\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This way is cheaper");
printf(test.c_str());
return 0;
}
String.h:
#pragma once
#include <cstdarg>
#include <string>
using ::std::string;
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw();
其他回答
如果缓冲区不够大，无法打印字符串，就会出现问题。在打印格式化消息之前，必须确定格式化字符串的长度。 我制作了自己的帮助器(在Windows和Linux GCC上测试)，您可以尝试使用它。
String.cpp: http://pastebin.com/DnfvzyKP String.h: http://pastebin.com/7U6iCUMa
String.cpp:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
using ::std::string;
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
#ifndef va_copy
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define va_copy(dst, src) dst=src
#elif !(__cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
#define va_copy(dst, src) memcpy((void*)dst, (void*)src, sizeof(*src))
#endif
#endif
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
int length;
va_list apStrLen;
va_copy(apStrLen, ap);
length = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, apStrLen);
va_end(apStrLen);
if (length > 0) {
dst.resize(length);
vsnprintf((char *)dst.data(), dst.size() + 1, format, ap);
} else {
dst = "Format error! format: ";
dst.append(format);
}
}
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw() {
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
toString(dst, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw() {
string dst;
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
toString(dst, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
return dst;
}
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
string dst;
toString(dst, format, ap);
return dst;
}
int main() {
int a = 32;
const char * str = "This works!";
string test(toString("\nSome testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, str));
printf(test.c_str());
a = 0x7fffffff;
test = toString("\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This works too..");
printf(test.c_str());
a = 0x80000000;
toString(test, "\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This way is cheaper");
printf(test.c_str());
return 0;
}
String.h:
#pragma once
#include <cstdarg>
#include <string>
using ::std::string;
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw();
[编辑:20/05/25]更好的是… 在标题:
// `say` prints the values
// `says` returns a string instead of printing
// `sayss` appends the values to it's first argument instead of printing
// `sayerr` prints the values and returns `false` (useful for return statement fail-report)<br/>
void PRINTSTRING(const std::string &s); //cater for GUI, terminal, whatever..
template<typename...P> void say(P...p) { std::string r{}; std::stringstream ss(""); (ss<<...<<p); r=ss.str(); PRINTSTRING(r); }
template<typename...P> std::string says(P...p) { std::string r{}; std::stringstream ss(""); (ss<<...<<p); r=ss.str(); return r; }
template<typename...P> void sayss(std::string &s, P...p) { std::string r{}; std::stringstream ss(""); (ss<<...<<p); r=ss.str(); s+=r; } //APPENDS! to s!
template<typename...P> bool sayerr(P...p) { std::string r{}; std::stringstream ss("ERROR: "); (ss<<...<<p); r=ss.str(); PRINTSTRING(r); return false; }
PRINTSTRING(r)-函数是为了满足GUI或终端或任何特殊输出需要使用#ifdef _some_flag_，默认是:
void PRINTSTRING(const std::string &s) { std::cout << s << std::flush; }
[edit '17/8/31]添加可变参数模板版本'vtspf(..)':
template<typename T> const std::string type_to_string(const T &v)
{
std::ostringstream ss;
ss << v;
return ss.str();
};
template<typename T> const T string_to_type(const std::string &str)
{
std::istringstream ss(str);
T ret;
ss >> ret;
return ret;
};
template<typename...P> void vtspf_priv(std::string &s) {}
template<typename H, typename...P> void vtspf_priv(std::string &s, H h, P...p)
{
s+=type_to_string(h);
vtspf_priv(s, p...);
}
template<typename...P> std::string temp_vtspf(P...p)
{
std::string s("");
vtspf_priv(s, p...);
return s;
}
它实际上是一个逗号分隔的版本(而不是)有时阻碍<<-操作符，像这样使用:
char chSpace=' ';
double pi=3.1415;
std::string sWorld="World", str_var;
str_var = vtspf("Hello", ',', chSpace, sWorld, ", pi=", pi);
[编辑]在Erik Aronesty的回答中使用了这个技巧(上图):
#include <string>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdio>
//=============================================================================
void spf(std::string &s, const std::string fmt, ...)
{
int n, size=100;
bool b=false;
va_list marker;
while (!b)
{
s.resize(size);
va_start(marker, fmt);
n = vsnprintf((char*)s.c_str(), size, fmt.c_str(), marker);
va_end(marker);
if ((n>0) && ((b=(n<size))==true)) s.resize(n); else size*=2;
}
}
//=============================================================================
void spfa(std::string &s, const std::string fmt, ...)
{
std::string ss;
int n, size=100;
bool b=false;
va_list marker;
while (!b)
{
ss.resize(size);
va_start(marker, fmt);
n = vsnprintf((char*)ss.c_str(), size, fmt.c_str(), marker);
va_end(marker);
if ((n>0) && ((b=(n<size))==true)) ss.resize(n); else size*=2;
}
s += ss;
}
(之前的回答) 这是一个很晚的回答，但对于那些像我一样喜欢“sprintf”方式的人来说:我已经编写并正在使用以下函数。如果你喜欢它，你可以扩展%-选项以更接近sprintf选项;现在里面的已经足够我用了。 使用stringf()和stringfappend()与使用sprintf相同。只要记住参数…必须是POD类型。
//=============================================================================
void DoFormatting(std::string& sF, const char* sformat, va_list marker)
{
char *s, ch=0;
int n, i=0, m;
long l;
double d;
std::string sf = sformat;
std::stringstream ss;
m = sf.length();
while (i<m)
{
ch = sf.at(i);
if (ch == '%')
{
i++;
if (i<m)
{
ch = sf.at(i);
switch(ch)
{
case 's': { s = va_arg(marker, char*); ss << s; } break;
case 'c': { n = va_arg(marker, int); ss << (char)n; } break;
case 'd': { n = va_arg(marker, int); ss << (int)n; } break;
case 'l': { l = va_arg(marker, long); ss << (long)l; } break;
case 'f': { d = va_arg(marker, double); ss << (float)d; } break;
case 'e': { d = va_arg(marker, double); ss << (double)d; } break;
case 'X':
case 'x':
{
if (++i<m)
{
ss << std::hex << std::setiosflags (std::ios_base::showbase);
if (ch == 'X') ss << std::setiosflags (std::ios_base::uppercase);
char ch2 = sf.at(i);
if (ch2 == 'c') { n = va_arg(marker, int); ss << std::hex << (char)n; }
else if (ch2 == 'd') { n = va_arg(marker, int); ss << std::hex << (int)n; }
else if (ch2 == 'l') { l = va_arg(marker, long); ss << std::hex << (long)l; }
else ss << '%' << ch << ch2;
ss << std::resetiosflags (std::ios_base::showbase | std::ios_base::uppercase) << std::dec;
}
} break;
case '%': { ss << '%'; } break;
default:
{
ss << "%" << ch;
//i = m; //get out of loop
}
}
}
}
else ss << ch;
i++;
}
va_end(marker);
sF = ss.str();
}
//=============================================================================
void stringf(string& stgt,const char *sformat, ... )
{
va_list marker;
va_start(marker, sformat);
DoFormatting(stgt, sformat, marker);
}
//=============================================================================
void stringfappend(string& stgt,const char *sformat, ... )
{
string sF = "";
va_list marker;
va_start(marker, sformat);
DoFormatting(sF, sformat, marker);
stgt += sF;
}
我喜欢的一个解决方案是，在使缓冲区足够大之后，用sprintf直接在std::string缓冲区中执行此操作:
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
string l_output;
l_output.resize(100);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
{
memset (&l_output[0], 0, 100);
sprintf (&l_output[0], "\r%i\0", i);
cout << l_output;
cout.flush();
}
因此，创建std::string，调整它的大小，直接访问它的缓冲区…
c++ 11内部使用vsnprintf()的解决方案:
#include <stdarg.h> // For va_start, etc.
std::string string_format(const std::string fmt, ...) {
int size = ((int)fmt.size()) * 2 + 50; // Use a rubric appropriate for your code
std::string str;
va_list ap;
while (1) { // Maximum two passes on a POSIX system...
str.resize(size);
va_start(ap, fmt);
int n = vsnprintf((char *)str.data(), size, fmt.c_str(), ap);
va_end(ap);
if (n > -1 && n < size) { // Everything worked
str.resize(n);
return str;
}
if (n > -1) // Needed size returned
size = n + 1; // For null char
else
size *= 2; // Guess at a larger size (OS specific)
}
return str;
}
一种更安全、更有效的方法(我测试过，它更快):
#include <stdarg.h> // For va_start, etc.
#include <memory> // For std::unique_ptr
std::string string_format(const std::string fmt_str, ...) {
int final_n, n = ((int)fmt_str.size()) * 2; /* Reserve two times as much as the length of the fmt_str */
std::unique_ptr<char[]> formatted;
va_list ap;
while(1) {
formatted.reset(new char[n]); /* Wrap the plain char array into the unique_ptr */
strcpy(&formatted[0], fmt_str.c_str());
va_start(ap, fmt_str);
final_n = vsnprintf(&formatted[0], n, fmt_str.c_str(), ap);
va_end(ap);
if (final_n < 0 || final_n >= n)
n += abs(final_n - n + 1);
else
break;
}
return std::string(formatted.get());
}
fmt_str是按值传递的，以符合va_start的要求。
注意:“更安全”和“更快”的版本在某些系统上不起作用。因此，两家公司仍在上市。此外，“更快”完全取决于预分配步骤是否正确，否则strcpy会使其变慢。
非常简单的解决方案。
std::string strBuf;
strBuf.resize(256);
int iCharsPrinted = sprintf_s((char *)strPath.c_str(), strPath.size(), ...);
strBuf.resize(iCharsPrinted);
