为了以'sprintf'方式格式化std::string，调用snprintf(参数nullptr和0)来获得所需的缓冲区长度。使用c++ 11可变模板编写函数，如下所示:

#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>

template< typename... Args >
std::string string_sprintf( const char* format, Args... args ) {
  int length = std::snprintf( nullptr, 0, format, args... );
  assert( length >= 0 );

  char* buf = new char[length + 1];
  std::snprintf( buf, length + 1, format, args... );

  std::string str( buf );
  delete[] buf;
  return str;
}

使用c++11支持编译，例如在GCC: g++ -std=c++11中编译

用法:

  std::cout << string_sprintf("%g, %g\n", 1.23, 0.001);

如果缓冲区不够大，无法打印字符串，就会出现问题。在打印格式化消息之前，必须确定格式化字符串的长度。 我制作了自己的帮助器(在Windows和Linux GCC上测试)，您可以尝试使用它。

String.cpp: http://pastebin.com/DnfvzyKP String.h: http://pastebin.com/7U6iCUMa

String.cpp:

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>

using ::std::string;

#pragma warning(disable : 4996)

#ifndef va_copy
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define va_copy(dst, src) dst=src
#elif !(__cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
#define va_copy(dst, src) memcpy((void*)dst, (void*)src, sizeof(*src))
#endif
#endif

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
  int length;
  va_list apStrLen;
  va_copy(apStrLen, ap);
  length = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, apStrLen);
  va_end(apStrLen);
  if (length > 0) {
    dst.resize(length);
    vsnprintf((char *)dst.data(), dst.size() + 1, format, ap);
  } else {
    dst = "Format error! format: ";
    dst.append(format);
  }
}

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw() {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  toString(dst, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
}

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw() {
  string dst;
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, format);
  toString(dst, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return dst;
}

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
  string dst;
  toString(dst, format, ap);
  return dst;
}


int main() {
  int a = 32;
  const char * str = "This works!";

  string test(toString("\nSome testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, str));
  printf(test.c_str());

  a = 0x7fffffff;
  test = toString("\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This works too..");
  printf(test.c_str());

  a = 0x80000000;
  toString(test, "\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This way is cheaper");
  printf(test.c_str());

  return 0;
}

String.h:

#pragma once
#include <cstdarg>
#include <string>

using ::std::string;

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw();

///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw();

根据Erik Aronesty提供的答案:

std::string string_format(const std::string &fmt, ...) {
    std::vector<char> str(100,'\0');
    va_list ap;
    while (1) {
        va_start(ap, fmt);
        auto n = vsnprintf(str.data(), str.size(), fmt.c_str(), ap);
        va_end(ap);
        if ((n > -1) && (size_t(n) < str.size())) {
            return str.data();
        }
        if (n > -1)
            str.resize( n + 1 );
        else
            str.resize( str.size() * 2);
    }
    return str.data();
}

这避免了需要从原始答案中的.c_str()结果中取消const。

这里是内存使用(和执行速度)方面的最佳解决方案，不依赖于RVO，如果字符串大小大于零，也可以执行追加，还会自动调整std::string的大小。

宏解决方案IMO更好，现代编译器将警告如果格式字符串不匹配的类型。该函数版本不会出现此警告，因为编译器无法看到snprintf。宏版本也更短，它也需要一个更少的包含。

来自:

https://github.com/ericcurtin/twincam

宏观的解决方案:

#include <string.h>
#include <string>

// function that will sprintf to a C++ string starting from std::string::size()
// so if you want to completely overwrite a string or start at a specific point
// use std::string::clear() or std::string::resize(). str is a std::string.
#define STRING_PRINTF(str, ...)                                   \
  do {                                                            \
    const int size = snprintf(NULL, 0, __VA_ARGS__);              \
    const size_t start_of_string = str.size();                    \
    str.resize(start_of_string + size);                           \
    snprintf(&str[start_of_string], str.size() + 1, __VA_ARGS__); \
  } while (0)

函数的解决方案:

#include <stdarg.h>  // For va_start, etc.
#include <string.h>
#include <string>

// function that will sprintf to a C++ string starting from std::string::size()
// so if you want to completely overwrite a string or start at a specific point
// use std::string::clear() or std::string::resize()
int string_printf(std::string& str, const char* const fmt, ...) {
  c_va_list c_args;

  va_start(c_args.args, fmt);

  c_va_list tmpa;
  va_copy(tmpa.args, c_args.args);

  // Get addtional size required
  int size = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, tmpa.args);
  if (size < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  const size_t start_of_string = str.size();
  str.resize(start_of_string + size);

  // plus 1 so the null terminator gets included
  size = vsnprintf(&str[start_of_string], str.size() + 1, fmt, c_args.args);
  return size;
}

更优解:

#define STRING_PRINTF(str, ...)                                     \
  do {                                                              \
    const size_t write_point = str.size();                          \
    str.resize(write_point + 127);                                  \
    const int size = snprintf(&str[write_point], 128, __VA_ARGS__); \
    str.resize(write_point + size);                                 \
    if (size < 128) {                                               \
      break;                                                        \
    }                                                               \
                                                                    \
    snprintf(&str[write_point], size + 1, __VA_ARGS__);             \
  } while (0)

这是一个更优的解决方案，假设sprintf小于128字节，如果是，格式字符串只解析一次而不是两次。

更新了一些答案，不同的是-函数将正确接受std::string为%s

namespace format_helper
{

    template <class Src>
    inline Src cast(Src v)
    {
        return v;
    }

    inline const char *cast(const std::string& v)
    {
        return v.c_str();
    }
};

template <typename... Ts>
inline std::string stringfmt (const std::string &fmt, Ts&&... vs)
{
    using namespace format_helper;
    char b;
    size_t required = std::snprintf(&b, 0, fmt.c_str(), cast(std::forward<Ts>(vs))...);//not counting the terminating null character.
    std::string result;
    //because we use string as container, it adds extra 0 automatically
    result.resize(required , 0);
    //and snprintf will use n-1 bytes supplied
    std::snprintf(const_cast<char*>(result.data()), required + 1, fmt.c_str(), cast(std::forward<Ts>(vs))...);

    return result;
}

生活:http://cpp.sh/5ajsv

Boost::format()提供了你想要的功能:

Boost格式库简介如下:

format对象由format-string构造，然后通过反复调用运算符%来给出参数。 然后，每个参数都被转换为字符串，这些字符串又根据format-string组合成一个字符串。

#include <boost/format.hpp>

cout << boost::format("writing %1%,  x=%2% : %3%-th try") % "toto" % 40.23 % 50; 
// prints "writing toto,  x=40.230 : 50-th try"