我希望使用shell脚本调用长形式和短形式的命令行选项。
我知道可以使用getopts,但是像在Perl中一样,我不能用shell做同样的事情。
关于如何做到这一点的任何想法,这样我就可以使用如下选项:
./shell.sh --copyfile abc.pl /tmp/
./shell.sh -c abc.pl /tmp/
在上面,这两个命令对我的shell意味着同样的事情,但使用getopts,我还不能实现这些?
我希望使用shell脚本调用长形式和短形式的命令行选项。
我知道可以使用getopts,但是像在Perl中一样,我不能用shell做同样的事情。
关于如何做到这一点的任何想法,这样我就可以使用如下选项:
./shell.sh --copyfile abc.pl /tmp/
./shell.sh -c abc.pl /tmp/
在上面,这两个命令对我的shell意味着同样的事情,但使用getopts,我还不能实现这些?
当前回答
我是这样解决的:
# A string with command options
options=$@
# An array with all the arguments
arguments=($options)
# Loop index
index=0
for argument in $options
do
# Incrementing index
index=`expr $index + 1`
# The conditions
case $argument in
-a) echo "key $argument value ${arguments[index]}" ;;
-abc) echo "key $argument value ${arguments[index]}" ;;
esac
done
exit;
我是不是太笨了?Getopt和getopts太让人困惑了。
其他回答
内置的getopts只解析短选项(ksh93除外), 但是您仍然可以添加几行脚本来使getopts处理长选项。
以下是在http://www.uxora.com/unix/shell-script/22-handle-long-options-with-getopts中找到的部分代码
#== set short options ==#
SCRIPT_OPTS=':fbF:B:-:h'
#== set long options associated with short one ==#
typeset -A ARRAY_OPTS
ARRAY_OPTS=(
[foo]=f
[bar]=b
[foobar]=F
[barfoo]=B
[help]=h
[man]=h
)
#== parse options ==#
while getopts ${SCRIPT_OPTS} OPTION ; do
#== translate long options to short ==#
if [[ "x$OPTION" == "x-" ]]; then
LONG_OPTION=$OPTARG
LONG_OPTARG=$(echo $LONG_OPTION | grep "=" | cut -d'=' -f2)
LONG_OPTIND=-1
[[ "x$LONG_OPTARG" = "x" ]] && LONG_OPTIND=$OPTIND || LONG_OPTION=$(echo $OPTARG | cut -d'=' -f1)
[[ $LONG_OPTIND -ne -1 ]] && eval LONG_OPTARG="\$$LONG_OPTIND"
OPTION=${ARRAY_OPTS[$LONG_OPTION]}
[[ "x$OPTION" = "x" ]] && OPTION="?" OPTARG="-$LONG_OPTION"
if [[ $( echo "${SCRIPT_OPTS}" | grep -c "${OPTION}:" ) -eq 1 ]]; then
if [[ "x${LONG_OPTARG}" = "x" ]] || [[ "${LONG_OPTARG}" = -* ]]; then
OPTION=":" OPTARG="-$LONG_OPTION"
else
OPTARG="$LONG_OPTARG";
if [[ $LONG_OPTIND -ne -1 ]]; then
[[ $OPTIND -le $Optnum ]] && OPTIND=$(( $OPTIND+1 ))
shift $OPTIND
OPTIND=1
fi
fi
fi
fi
#== options follow by another option instead of argument ==#
if [[ "x${OPTION}" != "x:" ]] && [[ "x${OPTION}" != "x?" ]] && [[ "${OPTARG}" = -* ]]; then
OPTARG="$OPTION" OPTION=":"
fi
#== manage options ==#
case "$OPTION" in
f ) foo=1 bar=0 ;;
b ) foo=0 bar=1 ;;
B ) barfoo=${OPTARG} ;;
F ) foobar=1 && foobar_name=${OPTARG} ;;
h ) usagefull && exit 0 ;;
: ) echo "${SCRIPT_NAME}: -$OPTARG: option requires an argument" >&2 && usage >&2 && exit 99 ;;
? ) echo "${SCRIPT_NAME}: -$OPTARG: unknown option" >&2 && usage >&2 && exit 99 ;;
esac
done
shift $((${OPTIND} - 1))
下面是一个测试:
# Short options test
$ ./foobar_any_getopts.sh -bF "Hello world" -B 6 file1 file2
foo=0 bar=1
barfoo=6
foobar=1 foobar_name=Hello world
files=file1 file2
# Long and short options test
$ ./foobar_any_getopts.sh --bar -F Hello --barfoo 6 file1 file2
foo=0 bar=1
barfoo=6
foobar=1 foobar_name=Hello
files=file1 file2
另外,在最近的Korn Shell ksh93中,getopts可以自然地解析长选项,甚至显示类似的手册页。(参见http://www.uxora.com/unix/shell-script/20-getopts-with-man-page-and-long-options)
一个简单的DIY,只获得长名称的参数:
Use:
$ ./test-args.sh --a1 a1 --a2 "a 2" --a3 --a4= --a5=a5 --a6="a 6"
a1 = "a1"
a2 = "a 2"
a3 = "TRUE"
a4 = ""
a5 = "a5"
a6 = "a 6"
a7 = ""
脚本:
#!/bin/bash
function main() {
ARGS=`getArgs "$@"`
a1=`echo "$ARGS" | getNamedArg a1`
a2=`echo "$ARGS" | getNamedArg a2`
a3=`echo "$ARGS" | getNamedArg a3`
a4=`echo "$ARGS" | getNamedArg a4`
a5=`echo "$ARGS" | getNamedArg a5`
a6=`echo "$ARGS" | getNamedArg a6`
a7=`echo "$ARGS" | getNamedArg a7`
echo "a1 = \"$a1\""
echo "a2 = \"$a2\""
echo "a3 = \"$a3\""
echo "a4 = \"$a4\""
echo "a5 = \"$a5\""
echo "a6 = \"$a6\""
echo "a7 = \"$a7\""
exit 0
}
function getArgs() {
for arg in "$@"; do
echo "$arg"
done
}
function getNamedArg() {
ARG_NAME=$1
sed --regexp-extended --quiet --expression="
s/^--$ARG_NAME=(.*)\$/\1/p # Get arguments in format '--arg=value': [s]ubstitute '--arg=value' by 'value', and [p]rint
/^--$ARG_NAME\$/ { # Get arguments in format '--arg value' ou '--arg'
n # - [n]ext, because in this format, if value exists, it will be the next argument
/^--/! p # - If next doesn't starts with '--', it is the value of the actual argument
/^--/ { # - If next do starts with '--', it is the next argument and the actual argument is a boolean one
# Then just repla[c]ed by TRUE
c TRUE
}
}
"
}
main "$@"
下面是一个实际使用长选项的getopt的示例:
aflag=no
bflag=no
cargument=none
# options may be followed by one colon to indicate they have a required argument
if ! options=$(getopt -o abc: -l along,blong,clong: -- "$@")
then
# something went wrong, getopt will put out an error message for us
exit 1
fi
set -- $options
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
case $1 in
-a|--along) aflag="yes" ;;
-b|--blong) bflag="yes" ;;
# for options with required arguments, an additional shift is required
-c|--clong) cargument="$2" ; shift;;
(--) shift; break;;
(-*) echo "$0: error - unrecognized option $1" 1>&2; exit 1;;
(*) break;;
esac
shift
done
下面你可以找到bash中复杂选项解析的几种不同方法: http://mywiki.wooledge.org/ComplexOptionParsing
我确实创建了下面的一个,而且我认为它很好,因为它的代码最少 多头和空头选择都有效。使用这种方法,长选项也可以有多个参数。
#!/bin/bash
# Uses bash extensions. Not portable as written.
declare -A longoptspec
longoptspec=( [loglevel]=1 ) #use associative array to declare how many arguments a long option expects, in this case we declare that loglevel expects/has one argument, long options that aren't listed i n this way will have zero arguments by default
optspec=":h-:"
while getopts "$optspec" opt; do
while true; do
case "${opt}" in
-) #OPTARG is name-of-long-option or name-of-long-option=value
if [[ "${OPTARG}" =~ .*=.* ]] #with this --key=value format only one argument is possible
then
opt=${OPTARG/=*/}
OPTARG=${OPTARG#*=}
((OPTIND--))
else #with this --key value1 value2 format multiple arguments are possible
opt="$OPTARG"
OPTARG=(${@:OPTIND:$((longoptspec[$opt]))})
fi
((OPTIND+=longoptspec[$opt]))
continue #now that opt/OPTARG are set we can process them as if getopts would've given us long options
;;
loglevel)
loglevel=$OPTARG
;;
h|help)
echo "usage: $0 [--loglevel[=]<value>]" >&2
exit 2
;;
esac
break; done
done
# End of file
在ksh93中,getopts支持长名字…
while getopts "f(file):s(server):" flag
do
echo "$flag" $OPTIND $OPTARG
done
至少我找到的教程是这么说的。试试看。