我已经在postgreSQL中创建了一个表。我想查看用于创建表的SQL语句，但无法找出它。
如何通过命令行或SQL语句获得Postgres中现有表的创建表SQL语句?
从linux命令行在postgresql中为一个表生成create table语句:
为演示创建一个表:
CREATE TABLE your_table(
thekey integer NOT NULL,
ticker character varying(10) NOT NULL,
date_val date,
open_val numeric(10,4) NOT NULL
);
Pg_dump手动，可以输出表创建PSQL语句:
pg_dump -U your_user your_database -t your_table --schema-only
打印:
-- pre-requisite database and table configuration omitted
CREATE TABLE your_table (
thekey integer NOT NULL,
ticker character varying(10) NOT NULL,
date_val date,
open_val numeric(10,4) NOT NULL
);
-- post-requisite database and table configuration omitted
解释:
Pg_dump帮助我们获得关于数据库本身的信息。-U代表用户名。我的pgadmin用户没有设置密码，所以我不需要输入密码。-t选项表示指定一个表。——schema-only表示只打印关于表的数据，而不是表中的数据。
pg_dump是优秀的C代码，它试图很好地处理不断发展的sql标准，并处理在postgresql的查询语言和它在磁盘上的表示之间产生的成千上万个细节。如果你想卷自己的“psql磁盘创建语句”的安排，你是龙:https://doxygen.postgresql.org/pg__dump_8c_source.html
另一个绕过pg_dump的选项是在创建表时保存表创建SQL语句。把它放在安全的地方，需要的时候拿来。
或者使用SQL从postgresql中获取表名、列名和数据类型信息:
CREATE TABLE your_table( thekey integer NOT NULL,
ticker character varying(10) NOT NULL,
date_val date,
open_val numeric(10,4) NOT NULL
);
SELECT table_name, column_name, data_type
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_name = 'your_table';
打印:
┌────────────┬─────────────┬───────────────────┐
│ table_name │ column_name │ data_type │
├────────────┼─────────────┼───────────────────┤
│ your_table │ thekey │ integer │
│ your_table │ ticker │ character varying │
│ your_table │ date_val │ date │
│ your_table │ open_val │ numeric │
└────────────┴─────────────┴───────────────────┘
(注意-此解决方案不适用于PostgreSQL v12+)
我的解决方案是使用psql和-E选项登录postgres db，如下所示:
psql -E -U username -d database
在psql中，运行以下命令查看postgres用来生成的sql 描述表语句:
-- List all tables in the schema (my example schema name is public)
\dt public.*
-- Choose a table name from above
-- For create table of one public.tablename
\d+ public.tablename
基于运行这些描述命令后返回的sql，我能够把它们放在一起 下面是PLPGSQL函数:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION generate_create_table_statement(p_table_name varchar)
RETURNS text AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
v_table_ddl text;
column_record record;
BEGIN
FOR column_record IN
SELECT
b.nspname as schema_name,
b.relname as table_name,
a.attname as column_name,
pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) as column_type,
CASE WHEN
(SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef) IS NOT NULL THEN
'DEFAULT '|| (SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef)
ELSE
''
END as column_default_value,
CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = true THEN
'NOT NULL'
ELSE
'NULL'
END as column_not_null,
a.attnum as attnum,
e.max_attnum as max_attnum
FROM
pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
INNER JOIN
(SELECT c.oid,
n.nspname,
c.relname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE c.relname ~ ('^('||p_table_name||')$')
AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
ORDER BY 2, 3) b
ON a.attrelid = b.oid
INNER JOIN
(SELECT
a.attrelid,
max(a.attnum) as max_attnum
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
WHERE a.attnum > 0
AND NOT a.attisdropped
GROUP BY a.attrelid) e
ON a.attrelid=e.attrelid
WHERE a.attnum > 0
AND NOT a.attisdropped
ORDER BY a.attnum
LOOP
IF column_record.attnum = 1 THEN
v_table_ddl:='CREATE TABLE '||column_record.schema_name||'.'||column_record.table_name||' (';
ELSE
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||',';
END IF;
IF column_record.attnum <= column_record.max_attnum THEN
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||chr(10)||
' '||column_record.column_name||' '||column_record.column_type||' '||column_record.column_default_value||' '||column_record.column_not_null;
END IF;
END LOOP;
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||');';
RETURN v_table_ddl;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' COST 100.0 SECURITY INVOKER;
下面是函数用法:
SELECT generate_create_table_statement('tablename');
下面是drop语句，如果你不想让这个函数永久保存:
DROP FUNCTION generate_create_table_statement(p_table_name varchar);
如果您想一次对多个表执行此操作，则需要多次使用-t开关(我花了一些时间才弄清楚为什么逗号分隔的列表不起作用)。此外，将结果发送到外文件或管道到另一台机器上的postgres服务器也很有用
pg_dump -t table1 -t table2 database_name --schema-only > dump.sql
pg_dump -t table1 -t table2 database_name --schema-only | psql -h server_name database_name
这是对我有用的变化:
pg_dump -U user_viktor -h localhost unit_test_database -t floorplanpreferences_table——schema-only
此外，如果你正在使用模式，你当然也需要指定:
pg_dump -U user_viktor -h localhost unit_test_database -t "949766e0-e81e-11e3-b325-1cc1de32fcb6"。floorplanpreferences_table——模式
您将得到一个输出，可以用来再次创建表，只需在psql中运行该输出。
如果你想找到一个表的create语句而不使用pg_dump，这个查询可能对你有用(改变'tablename'与你的表被称为什么):
SELECT
'CREATE TABLE ' || relname || E'\n(\n' ||
array_to_string(
array_agg(
' ' || column_name || ' ' || type || ' '|| not_null
)
, E',\n'
) || E'\n);\n'
from
(
SELECT
c.relname, a.attname AS column_name,
pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) as type,
case
when a.attnotnull
then 'NOT NULL'
else 'NULL'
END as not_null
FROM pg_class c,
pg_attribute a,
pg_type t
WHERE c.relname = 'tablename'
AND a.attnum > 0
AND a.attrelid = c.oid
AND a.atttypid = t.oid
ORDER BY a.attnum
) as tabledefinition
group by relname;
当直接从psql调用时，这样做是有用的:
\pset linestyle old-ascii
另外，这个线程中的generate_create_table_statement函数工作得很好。
下面是对shekwi的查询稍加改进的版本。 它生成主键约束，并能够处理临时表:
with pkey as
(
select cc.conrelid, format(E',
constraint %I primary key(%s)', cc.conname,
string_agg(a.attname, ', '
order by array_position(cc.conkey, a.attnum))) pkey
from pg_catalog.pg_constraint cc
join pg_catalog.pg_class c on c.oid = cc.conrelid
join pg_catalog.pg_attribute a on a.attrelid = cc.conrelid
and a.attnum = any(cc.conkey)
where cc.contype = 'p'
group by cc.conrelid, cc.conname
)
select format(E'create %stable %s%I\n(\n%s%s\n);\n',
case c.relpersistence when 't' then 'temporary ' else '' end,
case c.relpersistence when 't' then '' else n.nspname || '.' end,
c.relname,
string_agg(
format(E'\t%I %s%s',
a.attname,
pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod),
case when a.attnotnull then ' not null' else '' end
), E',\n'
order by a.attnum
),
(select pkey from pkey where pkey.conrelid = c.oid)) as sql
from pg_catalog.pg_class c
join pg_catalog.pg_namespace n on n.oid = c.relnamespace
join pg_catalog.pg_attribute a on a.attrelid = c.oid and a.attnum > 0
join pg_catalog.pg_type t on a.atttypid = t.oid
where c.relname = :table_name
group by c.oid, c.relname, c.relpersistence, n.nspname;
使用table_name参数指定表的名称。
在pgadminIII数据库>>schema >>tables>>右键单击“Your table”>>scripts>>“选择任何一个(创建，插入，更新，删除..)”
这是一个有一些编辑的查询，
select 'CREATE TABLE ' || a.attrelid::regclass::text || '(' ||
string_agg(a.attname || ' ' || pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid,
a.atttypmod)||
CASE WHEN
(SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef) IS NOT NULL THEN
' DEFAULT '|| (SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef)
ELSE
'' END
||
CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = true THEN
' NOT NULL'
ELSE
'' END,E'\n,') || ');'
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute a join pg_class on a.attrelid=pg_class.oid
WHERE a.attrelid::regclass::varchar =
'TABLENAME_with_or_without_schema'
AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped and pg_class.relkind='r'
group by a.attrelid;
一个简单的解决方案，在纯SQL。 您可以将其扩展到您想要显示的更多属性。
with c as (
SELECT table_name, ordinal_position,
column_name|| ' ' || data_type col
, row_number() over (partition by table_name order by ordinal_position asc) rn
, count(*) over (partition by table_name) cnt
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_name in ('pg_index', 'pg_tables')
order by table_name, ordinal_position
)
select case when rn = 1 then 'create table ' || table_name || '(' else '' end
|| col
|| case when rn < cnt then ',' else '); ' end
from c
order by table_name, rn asc;
输出:
create table pg_index(indexrelid oid,
indrelid oid,
indnatts smallint,
indisunique boolean,
indisprimary boolean,
indisexclusion boolean,
indimmediate boolean,
indisclustered boolean,
indisvalid boolean,
indcheckxmin boolean,
indisready boolean,
indislive boolean,
indisreplident boolean,
indkey ARRAY,
indcollation ARRAY,
indclass ARRAY,
indoption ARRAY,
indexprs pg_node_tree,
indpred pg_node_tree);
create table pg_tables(schemaname name,
tablename name,
tableowner name,
tablespace name,
hasindexes boolean,
hasrules boolean,
hastriggers boolean,
rowsecurity boolean);
太棒了! 我会稍微修改一下您的代码，以显示表中的所有约束，并允许在表名中使用regexp掩码。
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.generate_create_table_statement(p_table_name character varying)
RETURNS SETOF text AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
v_table_ddl text;
column_record record;
table_rec record;
constraint_rec record;
firstrec boolean;
BEGIN
FOR table_rec IN
SELECT c.relname FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE relkind = 'r'
AND relname~ ('^('||p_table_name||')$')
AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'
AND n.nspname <> 'information_schema'
AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'
AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
ORDER BY c.relname
LOOP
FOR column_record IN
SELECT
b.nspname as schema_name,
b.relname as table_name,
a.attname as column_name,
pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) as column_type,
CASE WHEN
(SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef) IS NOT NULL THEN
'DEFAULT '|| (SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef)
ELSE
''
END as column_default_value,
CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = true THEN
'NOT NULL'
ELSE
'NULL'
END as column_not_null,
a.attnum as attnum,
e.max_attnum as max_attnum
FROM
pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
INNER JOIN
(SELECT c.oid,
n.nspname,
c.relname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE c.relname = table_rec.relname
AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
ORDER BY 2, 3) b
ON a.attrelid = b.oid
INNER JOIN
(SELECT
a.attrelid,
max(a.attnum) as max_attnum
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
WHERE a.attnum > 0
AND NOT a.attisdropped
GROUP BY a.attrelid) e
ON a.attrelid=e.attrelid
WHERE a.attnum > 0
AND NOT a.attisdropped
ORDER BY a.attnum
LOOP
IF column_record.attnum = 1 THEN
v_table_ddl:='CREATE TABLE '||column_record.schema_name||'.'||column_record.table_name||' (';
ELSE
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||',';
END IF;
IF column_record.attnum <= column_record.max_attnum THEN
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||chr(10)||
' '||column_record.column_name||' '||column_record.column_type||' '||column_record.column_default_value||' '||column_record.column_not_null;
END IF;
END LOOP;
firstrec := TRUE;
FOR constraint_rec IN
SELECT conname, pg_get_constraintdef(c.oid) as constrainddef
FROM pg_constraint c
WHERE conrelid=(
SELECT attrelid FROM pg_attribute
WHERE attrelid = (
SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = table_rec.relname
) AND attname='tableoid'
)
LOOP
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||','||chr(10);
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||'CONSTRAINT '||constraint_rec.conname;
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||chr(10)||' '||constraint_rec.constrainddef;
firstrec := FALSE;
END LOOP;
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||');';
RETURN NEXT v_table_ddl;
END LOOP;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE
COST 100;
ALTER FUNCTION public.generate_create_table_statement(character varying)
OWNER TO postgres;
例如，现在您可以执行以下查询
SELECT * FROM generate_create_table_statement('.*');
结果是这样的:
CREATE TABLE public.answer (
id integer DEFAULT nextval('answer_id_seq'::regclass) NOT NULL,
questionid integer NOT NULL,
title character varying NOT NULL,
defaultvalue character varying NULL,
valuetype integer NOT NULL,
isdefault boolean NULL,
minval double precision NULL,
maxval double precision NULL,
followminmax integer DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT answer_pkey
PRIMARY KEY (id),
CONSTRAINT answer_questionid_fkey
FOREIGN KEY (questionid) REFERENCES question(id) ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT,
CONSTRAINT answer_valuetype_fkey
FOREIGN KEY (valuetype) REFERENCES answervaluetype(id) ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT);
对于每个用户表。
甚至根据@vkkeeper的响应进行了更多的修改。增加了从特定模式查询表的可能性。
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.describe_table(p_schema_name character varying, p_table_name character varying)
RETURNS SETOF text AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
v_table_ddl text;
column_record record;
table_rec record;
constraint_rec record;
firstrec boolean;
BEGIN
FOR table_rec IN
SELECT c.relname, c.oid FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE relkind = 'r'
AND n.nspname = p_schema_name
AND relname~ ('^('||p_table_name||')$')
ORDER BY c.relname
LOOP
FOR column_record IN
SELECT
b.nspname as schema_name,
b.relname as table_name,
a.attname as column_name,
pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) as column_type,
CASE WHEN
(SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef) IS NOT NULL THEN
'DEFAULT '|| (SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef)
ELSE
''
END as column_default_value,
CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = true THEN
'NOT NULL'
ELSE
'NULL'
END as column_not_null,
a.attnum as attnum,
e.max_attnum as max_attnum
FROM
pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
INNER JOIN
(SELECT c.oid,
n.nspname,
c.relname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE c.oid = table_rec.oid
ORDER BY 2, 3) b
ON a.attrelid = b.oid
INNER JOIN
(SELECT
a.attrelid,
max(a.attnum) as max_attnum
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
WHERE a.attnum > 0
AND NOT a.attisdropped
GROUP BY a.attrelid) e
ON a.attrelid=e.attrelid
WHERE a.attnum > 0
AND NOT a.attisdropped
ORDER BY a.attnum
LOOP
IF column_record.attnum = 1 THEN
v_table_ddl:='CREATE TABLE '||column_record.schema_name||'.'||column_record.table_name||' (';
ELSE
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||',';
END IF;
IF column_record.attnum <= column_record.max_attnum THEN
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||chr(10)||
' '||column_record.column_name||' '||column_record.column_type||' '||column_record.column_default_value||' '||column_record.column_not_null;
END IF;
END LOOP;
firstrec := TRUE;
FOR constraint_rec IN
SELECT conname, pg_get_constraintdef(c.oid) as constrainddef
FROM pg_constraint c
WHERE conrelid=(
SELECT attrelid FROM pg_attribute
WHERE attrelid = (
SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = table_rec.relname
AND relnamespace = (SELECT ns.oid FROM pg_namespace ns WHERE ns.nspname = p_schema_name)
) AND attname='tableoid'
)
LOOP
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||','||chr(10);
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||'CONSTRAINT '||constraint_rec.conname;
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||chr(10)||' '||constraint_rec.constrainddef;
firstrec := FALSE;
END LOOP;
v_table_ddl:=v_table_ddl||');';
RETURN NEXT v_table_ddl;
END LOOP;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE
COST 100;
下面是一条语句，它将为指定模式(包括约束)中的单个表生成DDL。
SELECT 'CREATE TABLE ' || pn.nspname || '.' || pc.relname || E'(\n' ||
string_agg(pa.attname || ' ' || pg_catalog.format_type(pa.atttypid, pa.atttypmod) || coalesce(' DEFAULT ' || (
SELECT pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE d.adrelid = pa.attrelid
AND d.adnum = pa.attnum
AND pa.atthasdef
),
'') || ' ' ||
CASE pa.attnotnull
WHEN TRUE THEN 'NOT NULL'
ELSE 'NULL'
END, E',\n') ||
coalesce((SELECT E',\n' || string_agg('CONSTRAINT ' || pc1.conname || ' ' || pg_get_constraintdef(pc1.oid), E',\n' ORDER BY pc1.conindid)
FROM pg_constraint pc1
WHERE pc1.conrelid = pa.attrelid), '') ||
E');'
FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute pa
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class pc
ON pc.oid = pa.attrelid
AND pc.relname = 'table_name'
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace pn
ON pn.oid = pc.relnamespace
AND pn.nspname = 'schema_name'
WHERE pa.attnum > 0
AND NOT pa.attisdropped
GROUP BY pn.nspname, pc.relname, pa.attrelid;
与前面提到的其他答案一样，没有内置函数可以做到这一点。
下面是一个函数，它试图获取复制表或比较ddl中部署和检查所需的所有信息。
这个函数输出:
列(w/ precision, null/not-null，默认值) 约束 索引
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.show_create_table(
in_schema_name varchar,
in_table_name varchar
)
RETURNS text
LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE
AS
$$
DECLARE
-- the ddl we're building
v_table_ddl text;
-- data about the target table
v_table_oid int;
-- records for looping
v_column_record record;
v_constraint_record record;
v_index_record record;
BEGIN
-- grab the oid of the table; https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/catalog-pg-class.html
SELECT c.oid INTO v_table_oid
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE 1=1
AND c.relkind = 'r' -- r = ordinary table; https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/catalog-pg-class.html
AND c.relname = in_table_name -- the table name
AND n.nspname = in_schema_name; -- the schema
-- throw an error if table was not found
IF (v_table_oid IS NULL) THEN
RAISE EXCEPTION 'table does not exist';
END IF;
-- start the create definition
v_table_ddl := 'CREATE TABLE ' || in_schema_name || '.' || in_table_name || ' (' || E'\n';
-- define all of the columns in the table; https://stackoverflow.com/a/8153081/3068233
FOR v_column_record IN
SELECT
c.column_name,
c.data_type,
c.character_maximum_length,
c.is_nullable,
c.column_default
FROM information_schema.columns c
WHERE (table_schema, table_name) = (in_schema_name, in_table_name)
ORDER BY ordinal_position
LOOP
v_table_ddl := v_table_ddl || ' ' -- note: two char spacer to start, to indent the column
|| v_column_record.column_name || ' '
|| v_column_record.data_type || CASE WHEN v_column_record.character_maximum_length IS NOT NULL THEN ('(' || v_column_record.character_maximum_length || ')') ELSE '' END || ' '
|| CASE WHEN v_column_record.is_nullable = 'NO' THEN 'NOT NULL' ELSE 'NULL' END
|| CASE WHEN v_column_record.column_default IS NOT null THEN (' DEFAULT ' || v_column_record.column_default) ELSE '' END
|| ',' || E'\n';
END LOOP;
-- define all the constraints in the; https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/catalog-pg-constraint.html && https://dba.stackexchange.com/a/214877/75296
FOR v_constraint_record IN
SELECT
con.conname as constraint_name,
con.contype as constraint_type,
CASE
WHEN con.contype = 'p' THEN 1 -- primary key constraint
WHEN con.contype = 'u' THEN 2 -- unique constraint
WHEN con.contype = 'f' THEN 3 -- foreign key constraint
WHEN con.contype = 'c' THEN 4
ELSE 5
END as type_rank,
pg_get_constraintdef(con.oid) as constraint_definition
FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint con
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class rel ON rel.oid = con.conrelid
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace nsp ON nsp.oid = connamespace
WHERE nsp.nspname = in_schema_name
AND rel.relname = in_table_name
ORDER BY type_rank
LOOP
v_table_ddl := v_table_ddl || ' ' -- note: two char spacer to start, to indent the column
|| 'CONSTRAINT' || ' '
|| v_constraint_record.constraint_name || ' '
|| v_constraint_record.constraint_definition
|| ',' || E'\n';
END LOOP;
-- drop the last comma before ending the create statement
v_table_ddl = substr(v_table_ddl, 0, length(v_table_ddl) - 1) || E'\n';
-- end the create definition
v_table_ddl := v_table_ddl || ');' || E'\n';
-- suffix create statement with all of the indexes on the table
FOR v_index_record IN
SELECT indexdef
FROM pg_indexes
WHERE (schemaname, tablename) = (in_schema_name, in_table_name)
LOOP
v_table_ddl := v_table_ddl
|| v_index_record.indexdef
|| ';' || E'\n';
END LOOP;
-- return the ddl
RETURN v_table_ddl;
END;
$$;
例子
SELECT * FROM public.show_create_table('public', 'example_table');
生产
CREATE TABLE public.example_table (
id bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('test_tb_for_show_create_on_id_seq'::regclass),
name character varying(150) NULL,
level character varying(50) NULL,
description text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'hello there!'::text,
CONSTRAINT test_tb_for_show_create_on_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id),
CONSTRAINT test_tb_for_show_create_on_level_check CHECK (((level)::text = ANY ((ARRAY['info'::character varying, 'warn'::character varying, 'error'::character varying])::text[])))
);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_tb_for_show_create_on_pkey ON public.test_tb_for_show_create_on USING btree (id);
另一个简单的选择是使用[HeidiSQL client][1]作为PostgreSQL数据库。
如何进入列出所有数据库和表的数据库选项卡。
单击想要查看DDL/创建特定表的语句的任何表/视图。
现在这个客户端为你在右边窗口的桌子上做以下工作:
第一个窗口将用于表中的数据
第二个是SQL主机信息
第三是数据库级别的信息，比如哪些表，大小是多少
第四，我们更关心的表/视图信息选项卡将有create table语句随时为您提供。
我不能在快照中显示你在处理机密数据，自己试试，让我知道如果你们发现了任何问题。
这是这个老问题的另一个解决方案。多年来，关于这个问题有许多优秀的答案，我的尝试在很大程度上借鉴了它们。
我使用安德烈·列别登科的解决方案作为起点，因为它的输出已经非常接近我的要求。
特点:
following common practice I have moved the foreign key constraints outside the table definition. They are now included as ALTER TABLE statements at the bottom. The reason is that a foreign key can also link to a column of the same table. In that fringe case the constraint can only be created after the table creation is completed. The create table statement would throw an error otherwise. The layout and indenting looks nicer now (at least to my eye) Drop command (commented out) in the header of the definition The solution is offered here as a plpgsql function. The algorithm does however not use any procedural language. The function just wraps one single query that can be used in a pure sql context as well. removed redundant subqueries Identifiers are now quoted if they are identical to reserved postgresql language elements replaced the string concatenation operator || with the appropriate string functions to improve performance, security and readability of the code. Note: the || operator produces NULL if one of the combined strings is NULL. It should only be used when that is the desired behaviour. (check out the usage in the code below for an example)
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.wmv_get_table_definition (
p_schema_name character varying,
p_table_name character varying
)
RETURNS SETOF TEXT
AS $BODY$
BEGIN
RETURN query
WITH table_rec AS (
SELECT
c.relname, n.nspname, c.oid
FROM
pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE
relkind = 'r'
AND n.nspname = p_schema_name
AND c.relname LIKE p_table_name
ORDER BY
c.relname
),
col_rec AS (
SELECT
a.attname AS colname,
pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) AS coltype,
a.attrelid AS oid,
' DEFAULT ' || (
SELECT
pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid)
FROM
pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d
WHERE
d.adrelid = a.attrelid
AND d.adnum = a.attnum
AND a.atthasdef) AS column_default_value,
CASE WHEN a.attnotnull = TRUE THEN
'NOT NULL'
ELSE
'NULL'
END AS column_not_null,
a.attnum AS attnum
FROM
pg_catalog.pg_attribute a
WHERE
a.attnum > 0
AND NOT a.attisdropped
ORDER BY
a.attnum
),
con_rec AS (
SELECT
conrelid::regclass::text AS relname,
n.nspname,
conname,
pg_get_constraintdef(c.oid) AS condef,
contype,
conrelid AS oid
FROM
pg_constraint c
JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.connamespace
),
glue AS (
SELECT
format( E'-- %1$I.%2$I definition\n\n-- Drop table\n\n-- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %1$I.%2$I\n\nCREATE TABLE %1$I.%2$I (\n', table_rec.nspname, table_rec.relname) AS top,
format( E'\n);\n\n\n-- adempiere.wmv_ghgaudit foreign keys\n\n', table_rec.nspname, table_rec.relname) AS bottom,
oid
FROM
table_rec
),
cols AS (
SELECT
string_agg(format(' %I %s%s %s', colname, coltype, column_default_value, column_not_null), E',\n') AS lines,
oid
FROM
col_rec
GROUP BY
oid
),
constrnt AS (
SELECT
string_agg(format(' CONSTRAINT %s %s', con_rec.conname, con_rec.condef), E',\n') AS lines,
oid
FROM
con_rec
WHERE
contype <> 'f'
GROUP BY
oid
),
frnkey AS (
SELECT
string_agg(format('ALTER TABLE %I.%I ADD CONSTRAINT %s %s', nspname, relname, conname, condef), E';\n') AS lines,
oid
FROM
con_rec
WHERE
contype = 'f'
GROUP BY
oid
)
SELECT
concat(glue.top, cols.lines, E',\n', constrnt.lines, glue.bottom, frnkey.lines, ';')
FROM
glue
JOIN cols ON cols.oid = glue.oid
LEFT JOIN constrnt ON constrnt.oid = glue.oid
LEFT JOIN frnkey ON frnkey.oid = glue.oid;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
使用它并在ddl中获得输出。出文件
~/bin/pg_dump -p 30000 -d <db_name> -U <db_user> --schema=<schema_name> -t <table_name> --schema-only >> /tmp/ddl.out
因此这将在路径:/tmp/ DDL .out中生成DDL
生成创建特定表背后的SQL (DDL)。 我们可以简单地使用这个SQL查询-
SHOW TABLE your_schema_name.your_table_name
如果您不想创建函数，而只想让查询创建一个基本的表结构，这里有一个解决方案。
select 'CREATE TABLE ' || table_name ||'(' ||STRING_AGG (
column_name || ' ' || data_type ,
','
ORDER BY
table_name,
ordinal_position
) ||');'
from
information_schema.columns
where table_schema = 'public'
group by
table_name
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